How Soon Can You Tell if Your Small Breed Dog Has Hip Dysplasia?

Hip dysplasia is a potentially serious health condition affecting the hip joints in dogs, where the ball and socket do not fit together properly. This malformation can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving, sometimes requiring surgical intervention. While commonly associated with large breeds like the German shepherd, small breed dogs such as the Pug can also be affected, although it is less frequent.

In smaller dogs, the condition can be exacerbated due to their comparatively delicate limbs, making early detection and monitoring more important to prevent worsening symptoms.

Understanding Breed Line Hip Health

Hip dysplasia is inherited through conformation traits. Puppies with parents affected by hip dysplasia or who had corrective surgery are at higher risk. The Kennel Club and vets recommend hip scoring for breeding stock, which involves X-rays and a physical exam evaluated against a numerical score to assess hip quality and dysplasia risk.

For many small breeds, hip scoring is not routinely performed, so when considering a puppy, it's advised to ask the breeder about any history of hip issues or if hip scoring has ever been done in the lineage. This is an essential step in responsible ownership and supporting ethical breeding practices.

Observing the Parent Dogs

When selecting a puppy, try to observe the dam and, if possible, the sire. Watch their movement and gait for signs of discomfort or irregularities. A steady and comfortable walk without stiffness or reluctance to move is a good indicator. While not a guarantee, this observation can provide clues to the puppy’s potential hip health.

When Does Hip Dysplasia Typically Appear in Small Breeds?

Hip dysplasia signs usually develop gradually. While definitive testing through hip scoring is generally done when dogs are over two years old—once they have fully matured — symptoms often emerge earlier. Typically, small breed dogs begin to show signs between four months and one year, with many noticeable by their first birthday.

Early Warning Signs of Hip Dysplasia in Small Dogs

Early symptoms can be subtle but watching for these will help catch the condition earlier:

• Slow to rise or lie down
• Reluctance to exercise or play
• Difficulty or refusal to climb stairs
• Stiffness or limp in the hind legs, especially after rest
• A distinctive hopping gait in hind legs due to joint instability
• Muscle weakness in the rear limbs
• Signs of pain or discomfort in hips and back legs
• Curvature of the back as the dog adjusts stance to ease discomfort

If you observe such signs, schedule a veterinary appointment promptly, where the vet may perform physical exams or radiographs to confirm the diagnosis and advise on treatment or management.

Are Older Dogs Free from Hip Dysplasia Risk?

If your dog has reached two years or older without signs of hip dysplasia and has not been diagnosed, it is highly likely their hips are normal. At this age, hip conformation and problems generally present fully.

How Owners Can Help Early Detection and Management

Being observant and proactive is key:

• Regularly monitor your dog's movement and behaviour especially between four months and two years old.
• Ask breeders about health checks including hip scoring and family history before purchasing.
• Seek veterinary advice immediately if you suspect symptoms.
• Consider appropriate exercise, weight management, and diet to support joint health.

Veterinarians in the UK diagnose hip dysplasia through clinical examination supported by X-rays. Early detection leads to better management outcomes and can help maintain your dog's quality of life.

By educating yourself about hip dysplasia and monitoring your small dog for early signs, you ensure your companion receives the care they deserve with minimal discomfort and maximum well-being.