How the American Cocker Spaniel Became a Recognised Breed

In the UK, native dogs we often call simply “cocker spaniels” are formally known as English cocker spaniels to differentiate them from the American cocker spaniel, a breed recognised as separate in its own right.

Though closely related, these two breeds are recognised by both The Kennel Club in the UK and the American Kennel Club as distinct, with differences in build, size, and appearance developed through separate breed lines on two continents.

This guide explores how the American cocker spaniel evolved and was officially recognised as a separate breed, alongside the main distinctions between the American and English types.

History of the American Cocker Spaniel

Spaniels reached America with early settlers aboard the Mayflower in 1620. Classified as small sporting dogs in the US, American cockers were traditionally bred as working dogs but later shifted towards show standards.

Despite their long presence, the breed was first officially recognised by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1878. The first foundational dog of the American line, Obo II, was born around 1881. Until then, American cockers were considered the same breed as their English ancestors.

Throughout the late 19th and early 20th century, selective breeding in America caused a gradual divergence in appearance and stature, adapting to American hunting styles and show ring preferences. By 1970, The UK Kennel Club formally distinguished the American cocker spaniel as a breed in its own right, separate from the English cocker spaniel.

Interestingly, American cocker spaniels enjoyed peak popularity in the US during the 1940s to 1950s and again throughout the 1980s and beyond, remaining a consistently popular show dog. They have also been notably cherished by prominent figures including several US presidents.

Key Differences Between American and English Cocker Spaniels

Differences between these breeds primarily centre on size, physical shape, and coat texture.

The English cocker spaniel typically stands 15 to 16 inches tall and weighs 12 to 14.5 kilograms, while the American cocker spaniel is slightly smaller, usually around 14 to 15 inches tall and weighing 11 to 13 kilograms.

American cockers have a shorter muzzle, wider-set eyes, and a rounder head compared to their English counterparts. Their coat is longer, smoother, and silkier, reflecting their breeding focus for show standards. English cockers retain a thicker, shorter coat more suitable for working conditions.

Presence of American Cocker Spaniels in the UK

The American cocker spaniel is fully recognised as a distinct breed in the UK and is present as both a pet and show dog. The breed first arrived in notable numbers during the 1950s and 1960s, often brought by American military personnel stationed in Britain.

Initially rare and classified under “any other variety” spaniel, formal recognition helped raise their profile and availability among UK dog enthusiasts. Today, while the English cocker spaniel remains more common on UK streets, the American cocker spaniel holds a respected place in British dog-owning communities.

Responsible Ownership and Finding American Cocker Spaniel Puppies

For those interested in welcoming an American cocker spaniel into their home, it is essential to source from reputable American cocker spaniel breeders. Responsible breeders prioritise the health, temperament, and welfare of their dogs, avoiding unethical breeding practices.

Prospective owners should ensure their new puppy is registered with recognised kennel clubs like The Kennel Club and verify all necessary health checks and vaccinations are in place. This approach supports robust breed standards and helps secure a happy, healthy pet.

Always consider the breed’s exercise needs, grooming requirements, and suitability for your lifestyle before making a commitment, as American cockers require regular care and engagement to thrive as beloved family pets.

Why Understanding Breed History Matters

Knowing the history behind the American cocker spaniel’s recognition as a separate breed enriches appreciation for its unique qualities and helps owners better meet its needs. Understanding the differences between American and English cockers also assists with selecting the breed most suited to individual preferences and family circumstances.

By honouring both breeds' distinct lineage and supporting ethical ownership, we contribute to their continued health and happiness across the UK and beyond.