How to protect your dog against canine hepatitis safely
Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is a serious viral infection affecting your dog's liver, caused by canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1). Though it cannot infect humans, ICH is highly contagious among dogs and some wild animals like foxes. Responsible dog owners should understand how to protect their dogs effectively to keep them safe and healthy.
Understanding Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Infectious canine hepatitis is a contagious liver infection caused by CAV-1. This virus causes inflammation of the liver and can affect other organs like the kidneys, with symptoms including fever, jaundice (yellowing of skin, gums, and eyes), abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and lethargy. In severe cases, dogs may experience internal bleeding, which can be life-threatening.
How Does Your Dog Contract Canine Hepatitis?
The virus is shed in the bodily fluids of infected dogs, including urine, faeces, saliva, and nasal secretions. Transmission happens when a dog comes into contact with these fluids directly from an infected dog – including those not showing symptoms – or indirectly through contaminated environments, shared food and water bowls, or even airborne droplets from coughing and sneezing.
Puppies are especially vulnerable as they can contract the virus from their mother during pregnancy or via her milk. Walking your dog in high-traffic dog areas where many other dogs have been can increase exposure risk.
Effective Vaccination: Your Dog's Best Defence
The single most important protection against infectious canine hepatitis is vaccination. The vaccine uses a related virus strain (Canine Adenovirus-2) that confers immunity against CAV-1 safely and effectively. Vaccines are often combined with other core vaccines, forming part of your dog's standard vaccination schedule.
Puppies generally receive their first vaccination around 7-9 weeks old, with boosters at 11-13 weeks, and then at about 15 months. After this, booster shots are recommended regularly, typically annually, to maintain protective immunity. Even vaccinated dogs may rarely catch a milder form of the disease, but vaccination significantly reduces severity and risk of serious illness.
Additional Protective Measures
- Carry your own water bowl: Avoid your dog drinking from communal bowls or water sources to minimise infection risk.
- Avoid high-risk areas: Steer clear of parks or dog walking routes where owners neglect to clear up faeces or where many unknown dogs frequent.
- Limit contact: Dogs with weakened immune systems or existing illnesses should have restricted contact with unfamiliar dogs.
- Isolate infected dogs: If your dog contracts ICH, isolate them from other dogs to prevent further transmission.
Breeds with Immune Considerations
Some breeds like the Shar-pei puppies and Cardigan Welsh corgi puppies may be more prone to immune-mediated disorders, making them potentially more susceptible to infections like hepatitis. For these breeds, additional vigilance over early signs of illness and timely veterinary care is advised.
Regular Vet Checks and Environment Hygiene
Routine vet visits help ensure your dog's health is monitored, vaccinations are up to date, and any early signs of illness can be caught swiftly. Infected environments should be cleaned and disinfected, as the virus can survive for months outside a host, with effective disinfectants including bleach solutions.
Conclusion
Protecting your dog from infectious canine hepatitis involves a combination of vaccination, responsible management, and hygiene. By keeping vaccinations current, avoiding risky exposure, and maintaining close care, you can help your dog enjoy a healthier, happier life free from the dangers of hepatitis.
