How to Spot Disease Early in Older Cats

Cats are living longer than ever, with average lifespans now around 15 years, which is wonderful news for their owners. However, older cats are masters at concealing illness, a survival instinct inherited from their wild ancestors to avoid showing weakness. This behaviour means signs of disease often only become apparent when conditions are severe, making early detection essential for effective treatment and improved quality of life.

Understanding Why Cats Hide Sickness

In the wild, any sign of weakness can attract predators, so cats instinctively mask pain and illness. Domestic older cats retain this behaviour, often showing subtle or no symptoms until diseases have progressed considerably. This delayed appearance of symptoms means regular health monitoring and vigilance by owners are critical.

Common Diseases in Older Cats: Kidney Disease Focus

One of the most prevalent diseases affecting senior cats is kidney disease. Research indicates roughly 50% of older cats develop some form of chronic kidney disorder, which can go unnoticed due to minimal early symptoms. Kidneys act as the body's filter, removing toxins from the blood which are then eliminated via urine. When kidney function declines, waste products build up and cause a range of health problems.

Types of Kidney Disease in Cats

• Acute Kidney Disease: This type develops suddenly, often related to poisoning, infection, or sudden injury, requiring urgent veterinary treatment.
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): More common in senior cats, this develops slowly over months or years due to age-related degeneration or underlying health issues.

Causes of Kidney Disease in Older Cats

Causes vary but often include inherited conditions, infections, cancer, or exposure to toxins such as certain plants or chemicals. Younger cats might suffer acute kidney damage from ingesting harmful substances, but older cats more commonly develop progressive disorders linked to ageing.

Early Signs of Kidney Disease and Other Illnesses in Older Cats

• Increased Thirst and Urination: Often the earliest sign of kidney disease or diabetes. Owners may notice their cat drinking more or using the litter tray frequently.
• Weight Loss Despite Good Appetite: Could indicate hyperthyroidism or kidney issues.
• Changes in Appetite or Eating Habits: Reduced interest in food or vomiting can suggest underlying health problems.
• Changes in Litter Box Habits: Diarrhoea, constipation, or straining may indicate illness.
• Behavioural Changes: Lethargy, increased hiding, or altered social interaction hint at poor health.
• Poor Coat Condition: A dull, thinning, or unkempt coat often mirrors systemic disease.
• Bad Breath or Oral Issues: Dental disease can signal broader health problems and cause eating difficulties.

Importance of Regular Health Checks for Older Cats

Routine veterinary visits at least twice yearly are essential for early detection of disease in senior cats. These check-ups include comprehensive physical exams, blood tests, urinalysis, and blood pressure measurement, which help assess kidney function and overall health. Early diagnosis allows for management plans that can slow disease progression and maintain comfort.

Treatment and Management Options

Though some conditions like CKD are currently incurable, veterinarians can offer treatments to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Keeping cats well-hydrated is vital, and special diets formulated for kidney health are often recommended. Other supportive therapies may include medications and regular monitoring. Prompt veterinary attention at the first sign of illness greatly enhances treatment success.

Summary and Next Steps

Recognising early signs of disease in older cats and ensuring regular veterinary health checks are key to maintaining their wellbeing. Owners should monitor behaviour, appetite, litter habits, and appearance closely, and seek prompt veterinary advice if concerns arise. With proactive care, older cats can enjoy comfortable, healthier lives for many years.