How to Treat a Dog's Impacted Anal Glands at Home

All dogs have two anal glands (also called anal sacs) located on either side of the rectum. These glands release a scent unique to each dog, which is why dogs often sniff each other’s rear ends when they meet. Normally, the glands empty naturally during a bowel movement, releasing a small amount of a foul-smelling fluid.

However, some dogs develop impacted anal glands when the glands fail to empty properly, causing the fluid to build up and become clogged. This can result in discomfort, irritation, itching, and sometimes even infection for your dog.

Expressing the anal glands manually – gently squeezing the glands to release their contents – is a quick way to relieve this discomfort. While veterinary professionals regularly perform this procedure, with caution and the right approach, you can safely do it at home, saving on vet costs and helping your dog more promptly.

If you feel comfortable to try, this guide will take you through the signs of impacted glands, preparation, step-by-step instructions for expression, and advice on prevention and veterinary care.

How to recognise impacted anal glands in dogs

If your dog frequently faces anal gland issues, you may already be familiar with the symptoms. Watch out for behaviours such as scooting (dragging the rear on the floor), excessive licking or biting around the anus, swelling or redness near the glands, and signs of discomfort or restlessness. These behaviours indicate irritation or soreness from impaction or possible infection.

Preparation before expressing your dog's anal glands

Choose a location easy to clean and disinfect afterward, such as an outdoor area or a bathroom with a sink or tub. Gather supplies:

• Disposable gloves (to protect your hands from the smelly secretions)
• Old towels or absorbent paper towels
• Vaseline or a water-based lubricant
• A muzzle or safe restraint, if your dog is prone to snapping due to discomfort

Wear old clothes as the fluid can be quite messy. Ensure your dog is calm and securely restrained to prevent sudden movements, which could cause injury to either of you.

Step-by-step guide to expressing your dog’s anal glands

Step 1: Position your dog securely

Have your dog stand or lie on their side in a position that allows easy access to their rear end without strain. Have someone help hold the dog if necessary.

Step 2: Locate the anal glands

Identify the anal glands by locating two small, darker areas at approximately the five o'clock and seven o'clock positions around the anus. These glands feel like small lumps beneath the skin.

Step 3: Put on gloves and lubricate

Put on your disposable gloves. Apply some Vaseline or lubricant to one gloved finger to make the process more comfortable for your dog.

Step 4: Gently insert a finger into the anus

Carefully insert the lubricated finger into your dog's anus. Feel for the gland on one side, then gently squeeze it between your finger inside and thumb positioned outside the rectum.

Step 5: Apply gentle, upward pressure

Using mild pressure, squeeze upwards towards the rectum opening to encourage the gland to release its contents. Be prepared for a strong odour and some fluid that may be sprayed out.

Step 6: Use paper towels to catch the secretions

Hold some kitchen paper or towelling outside the gland to catch the fluid as it is released. Avoid standing directly behind the dog to prevent any surprises.

Step 7: Repeat on the other gland

Once one gland is empty and no more fluid is expressed, wipe the area clean, then repeat the process on the other side.

Step 8: Clean yourself, your dog, and the area

Dispose of towels, gloves, and any waste in a sealed bag to reduce smell. Clean your dog’s rear with warm water and mild soap if needed, then dry them. Thoroughly disinfect any surfaces your dog contacted and wash your hands and arms in hot, soapy water.

Tips for prevention and care

• Maintain your dog’s diet rich in fibre to encourage firm, regular stools, which naturally help empty anal glands.
• Keep your dog's weight healthy to reduce pressure on the glands.
• If your dog is prone to impaction, regular vet or groomer-expressed glands may be needed, but check if home expression is advised for your case.
• Apply warm compresses to the gland area to ease discomfort and promote natural drainage.
• Prevent your dog from excessively licking or biting the area with protective collars or clothing.

When to seek veterinary care

Never hesitate to contact your vet if your dog’s anal glands stay impacted, become swollen or infected, or if your dog shows signs of pain, bleeding, lethargy, or fever. Veterinary treatment may include proper flushing, medication, or in severe cases, surgery.

Home expression is best for minor impactions and should be done carefully, but professional advice is essential for persistent or severe problems.

Remember, always approach this task calmly and gently, keeping your dog’s comfort and safety at the forefront.