Hypermetria and Dysmetria in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments
Both hypermetria and dysmetria affect a dog's ability to move normally, causing coordination problems. Dysmetria is when a dog cannot accurately judge the rate, force, or distance of its movements, while hypermetria is a type of dysmetria where dogs tend to overreach, often resulting in a high-stepping gait instead of a natural walk. These neurological issues usually indicate cerebellar dysfunction, which is responsible for smooth, coordinated movements.
Recognising Symptoms of Hypermetria and Dysmetria in Dogs
Detecting these conditions early can help manage your dog's wellbeing and get timely veterinary care. Watch for these common signs:
- Head tilt or unusual posture indicating balance struggles
- Swaying or an inability to keep steady, especially when standing or walking
- Tremors that become more noticeable with movement
- Standing with legs unusually wide apart for support
- Slow or diminished reflexes
- Difference in pupil size (anisocoria), which can signal neurological issues
- Jerky and uncoordinated movements
Main Causes of These Movement Disorders
Several health events or conditions can trigger hypermetria and dysmetria in dogs, primarily those affecting the brain or spine, such as:
- Traumatic injury to the spine causing nerve damage
- Trauma to the brain, including concussions or other injuries
- Lesions on the cerebellum caused by strokes, tumours, or degenerative diseases like cerebellar abiotrophy, which progressively damage the brain cells involved in coordination
Diagnosing Hypermetria and Dysmetria
Veterinarians diagnose these conditions through a combination of medical history, clinical examination, and imaging tests. Key steps include:
- Gathering the full medical history including onset and progression of symptoms
- Checking if the dog had any incidents or injuries that could affect the nervous system
- Performing X-rays or ultrasounds of the brain and spine to detect lesions or trauma
- Assessing reflexes and neurological responses, such as menace response tests to check vision and brain function
It's important to note some dog breeds naturally display a high-stepping gait. Therefore, vets carefully differentiate between normal breed traits and signs of cerebellar dysfunction.
Treatment and Care for Affected Dogs
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition:
- Severe cases usually need hospitalisation for detailed tests and close monitoring
- Mild symptoms can often be managed at home, but the dog should be in a safe, calm environment to avoid injury risks
- Restricting movement may be advised temporarily to support healing, but dogs should not be left alone for extended periods to reduce stress
- Regular follow-ups with the vet are crucial to monitor progress and adjust care plans as needed
Always prioritise your dog’s safety by supervising during recovery and protecting them from environmental hazards.
Responsible Ownership and When to Seek Help
If your dog shows any signs of coordination difficulties, consult your vet promptly for diagnosis and advice. Early intervention can improve quality of life and outcomes. Avoid self-diagnosis or delaying veterinary care, as neurological problems can worsen or mask other health issues.
Responsible pet ownership includes observing changes in your dog's movement, seeking professional assessments, and following recommended treatment and care instructions. This ensures your dog’s comfort, safety, and wellbeing through any challenges.
