Vaginal hyperplasia in dogs is an estrogen-driven condition where the soft tissue around the vagina becomes excessively swollen during a female dog's heat cycle. This swelling may become so pronounced that it protrudes visibly from the vulva, sometimes forming a doughnut-shaped mass. Understanding this condition can help you recognise symptoms early and seek timely treatment, improving your dog’s comfort and health.
While vaginal hyperplasia can occur in female dogs of any breed, some breeds appear more predisposed due to genetic factors and tissue structure. Boerboel puppies often top the list, closely followed by larger breeds that are intact and cycling. Other at-risk breeds include:
Vaginal hyperplasia presents in three degrees of severity and signs vary accordingly:
Other symptoms include constant licking of the vaginal area, discomfort or pain when urinating (dysuria), and reluctance to mate. Watch carefully during your dog's heat cycle, especially if she belongs to a higher-risk breed.
This condition is mainly caused by an exaggerated response to elevated estrogen levels during proestrus or estrus stages of the cycle. The hormonal stimulation causes the delicate vaginal tissue to swell aggressively. Some dogs may have a genetic predisposition to this condition. In severe cases, vaginal hyperplasia can result in prolapse, making urination difficult and potentially leading to complications.
A veterinary physical examination makes diagnosis straightforward, as the swelling and tissue protrusion are usually evident. Vets classify the severity to determine appropriate treatment. Differential diagnoses such as vaginal tumours, clitoral hypertrophy, or true prolapses are considered to rule out other causes.
Managing vaginal hyperplasia aims to protect the exposed tissue and promote healing while preventing secondary infections or trauma:
Recurrence is common, so spaying your dog after treatment reduces this risk significantly. Early treatment improves prognosis and reduces complications such as tissue damage or infection.
If you own a breed at risk, understanding vaginal hyperplasia can help you intervene quickly. Regular veterinary check-ups during your dog's reproductive stages and considering early spaying if you do not plan to breed responsibly contribute to your pet's wellbeing. Responsible breeding practices also reduce the incidence of hereditary health issues.