Hypertension in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Effective Management

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition commonly known in people but also occurs in dogs, often with serious health consequences if left untreated. Understanding canine hypertension helps responsible owners protect their pets from serious organ damage.

What is Hypertension in Dogs?

Hypertension in dogs is a condition where the arterial blood pressure is elevated beyond the normal range, typically when systolic pressure exceeds about 150-160 mmHg. This increased pressure forces the heart to work harder and can damage vital organs such as the eyes, kidneys, heart, and brain. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent irreversible damage.

Which Dogs Are Most at Risk?

Certain dogs are more prone to hypertension due to hereditary factors or underlying medical conditions. Dogs with family members affected by high blood pressure, such as those from poodle puppies, dachshund puppies, and bichon frise puppies, may have a higher risk. However, hypertension is more commonly secondary to other health issues such as diabetes, Cushing’s disease, and kidney disease.

Recognising the Symptoms of Hypertension in Dogs

Hypertension often has subtle or no early symptoms, making it challenging to detect. When signs occur, they usually indicate damage to organs. Watch for:

• Sudden or progressive blindness and eye abnormalities like dilated pupils or retinal haemorrhages
• Blood in urine or nosebleeds
• Seizures, disorientation, dizziness, and abnormal behaviours
• Weakness or lethargy, particularly on one side of the body
• Signs of headaches, including light sensitivity or head pain indicated by discomfort

How Is Hypertension Diagnosed?

Your vet will measure your dog's blood pressure using a cuff device similar to those used in humans, often with a Doppler device or oscillometric method. Multiple readings ensure accurate results, as stress can affect measurements. Since hypertension in dogs is frequently linked to other diseases, further testing may be necessary to identify underlying causes.

Treatment and Management of Canine Hypertension

Treatment focuses on lowering blood pressure to a normal range (usually below 150 mmHg systolic) and controlling any underlying health issues. Medication options may include beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers, prescribed and adjusted by your vet. Lifestyle changes such as diet modification and controlled exercise can support treatment.

Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor your dog's blood pressure and adjust treatment as needed, ensuring your pet stays comfortable and healthy.

Why Early Detection Matters

Without prompt diagnosis and treatment, hypertension can cause severe damage, including blindness, kidney failure, heart disease, and potentially strokes. Being aware of risks and symptoms allows owners to seek timely veterinary advice, improving quality of life and longevity for their canine companions.

Promoting Responsible Pet Ownership

If you're looking to bring a dog into your home, consider reputable breeders who screen for hereditary health conditions like hypertension. Early health screenings and regular vet visits are key components of responsible dog ownership, helping to catch problems like hypertension early.

Always consult your vet if you notice any unusual signs or behaviours in your dog, and maintain a close relationship with your veterinary team to support your dog's health journey.