ICT-A (Ichthyosis) Testing for Golden Retrievers Explained

Ichthyosis, commonly called ICT-A, is a hereditary skin condition known in the Golden Retriever breed. This genetic disorder causes the skin cells to grow abnormally large and flaky, resulting in thick, scaly patches that resemble fish scales—hence the Greek-derived name "ichthys," meaning fish.

This skin condition usually appears early in a pup's life, often from a few weeks old, progressively causing dry, rough, and discoloured areas. While not itchy or painful itself, the affected skin can be vulnerable to secondary infections from parasites or bacteria.

It is important to understand that ICT-A is incurable but manageable with dedicated grooming, including regular brushing, bathing with moisturising shampoos, and feeding diets rich in essential fatty acids to support skin health. In some cases, the condition stabilises as the dog ages, reducing its severity.

Understanding the Genetic Cause and Inheritance

ICT-A in Golden Retrievers is caused by autosomal recessive mutations, mainly in the PNPLA1 and ABHD5 genes. This means a dog must inherit two copies of the mutated gene—one from each parent—to develop the condition. Dogs that inherit only one copy are called carriers; they appear healthy but can pass the mutation to their offspring.

The genetic statuses are:

• Clear (N/N): No copies of the mutation; dogs will not develop or transmit ichthyosis.
• Carrier (N/Ich1 or N/Ich2): One copy of the mutation; usually healthy but can pass the gene on.
• Affected (Ich1/Ich1 or Ich2/Ich2): Two copies of the mutation; will develop ichthyosis and pass it to all offspring.

Breeders should be cautious to avoid mating two carriers, as this pairing has a 25% chance of producing affected puppies. Responsible breeding aims to pair clear dogs or carriers with clear dogs only.

Signs and Diagnosis

Early signs include the emergence of large flakes of dandruff and dry, scaly patches, especially noticeable on the back, flanks, and stomach. Due to the Golden Retriever's long, thick coat, early stages can be overlooked without thorough examination. Veterinarians recommend DNA testing to confirm status, which is especially important before breeding.

How to Get Your Golden Retriever Tested

Testing for ICT-A is done via a DNA sample, often collected by a vet through cheek swabs or blood samples. These samples are then sent to approved laboratories such as those recognised by The Kennel Club and other genetic testing services in the UK.

The test results will classify your dog as clear, carrier, or affected. This knowledge enables informed decisions on breeding pairs to help reduce the incidence of ichthyosis in future litters.

Managing a Dog with Ichthyosis

Because ichthyosis cannot be cured, management focuses on maintaining skin and coat health. Regular grooming, use of moisturising shampoos, and a balanced diet rich in omega fatty acids help reduce flakiness and keep the skin supple. Monitoring for skin infections is essential to promptly treat any complications.

Responsible Breeding and Reducing Disease Impact

Genetic testing and informed breeding decisions are vital to improving the overall health of Golden Retrievers. Ethical breeders use ICT-A test results to avoid mating two carriers, thereby decreasing the number of affected puppies born. This commitment helps preserve the breed’s health and welfare.

Crossbreeding with other breeds, such as producing Goldendoodles, can provide hybrid vigour, but if more than one Golden Retriever ancestor is present, the condition may still appear.

Summary

ICT-A or Ichthyosis is a genetic skin disorder affecting some Golden Retrievers, causing fish-scale-like skin symptoms. DNA testing allows owners and breeders to identify clear, carrier, and affected dogs so that responsible breeding decisions can be made. Though incurable, the condition can be managed with good skin care, and prevention of passing the gene through conscientious breeding reduces its prevalence in the breed.

By testing your Golden Retriever and supporting ethical breeding practices, you contribute to a healthier future for this beloved dog breed.