Immune Mediated Polyarthritis in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Immune Mediated Polyarthritis (IMPA) is a painful inflammatory disease affecting multiple joints in dogs, causing notable discomfort and mobility problems. This article explains the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis for dogs living in the UK with IMPA, promoting awareness for responsible pet care and timely veterinary intervention.

Understanding the Causes of IMPA

IMPA occurs when a dog's immune system mistakenly attacks its own joints. Normally, white blood cells protect joints by releasing enzymes and chemicals to maintain healthy joint fluid. In IMPA, this function is disrupted, leading to inflammation and joint swelling. There are two main types: primary (idiopathic), where no underlying cause is found, and secondary, which follows infections, cancer, or other immune diseases affecting different body systems.

Recognising the Symptoms of IMPA

Dogs with IMPA often show symptoms such as joint swelling, pain, and lethargy. They may be unwilling to move, have a reduced appetite, and develop a mild fever early on. Movement can be painful, with some dogs crying out or appearing to walk on hot surfaces. If the swollen joints include those in the spine, even gentle touch can cause distress.

Diagnosing IMPA: What to Expect at the Vet

Your vet will conduct a thorough physical examination, focusing on joint inflammation and checking for fever. To confirm IMPA and exclude other causes, tests such as blood counts, X-rays, and sampling joint fluid for biopsy will be needed. Importantly, vets seek to rule out infection or cancer as triggers for the joint inflammation.

Treatment Approaches for Immune Mediated Polyarthritis

Managing IMPA usually involves immunosuppressive medications, most commonly corticosteroids, to calm the immune system and reduce joint inflammation. Doses are carefully monitored to balance effectiveness with potential side effects like increased thirst and urination. Some dogs may need lifelong medication, while others can eventually taper off treatment under veterinary supervision.

The Prognosis: What Owners Should Know

With early diagnosis and treatment, many dogs with IMPA can lead comfortable, happy lives with a good quality of life. Close veterinary monitoring is crucial to prevent joint damage and adjust treatment as needed. While lifelong medication may be necessary for some, achieving remission and symptom control is often possible.

Promoting Responsible Pet Ownership and Veterinary Care

If you notice any signs of joint pain or swelling in your dog, prompt veterinary consultation is essential. Immune Mediated Polyarthritis is a serious condition but manageable with timely intervention. Supporting your dog with appropriate medication, regular check-ups, and careful observation helps ensure the best outcome.

FAQs: Common Questions About IMPA in Dogs

What breeds are more prone to IMPA?

IMPA can affect any breed, but some such as Shar-Pei, Akitas, and Greyhounds may have a genetic predisposition. Regular vet checks help catch signs early in at-risk dogs.

Can IMPA be cured?

While there is no absolute cure, many dogs respond well to treatment and can achieve long periods without symptoms. Lifelong management may be necessary in some cases.

Is IMPA contagious to other dogs?

No, IMPA is an autoimmune condition and is not contagious. It results from a dog's immune system malfunctioning, rather than an infection.

Are steroids safe for long-term use?

Steroids have side effects, but under veterinary guidance and careful dosing, many dogs tolerate them well. Monitoring helps minimise risks.