Inherited Health Problems in Bengal Cats: What to Know

Inherited health problems in Bengal cats are genetic conditions passed down through generations, often due to selective breeding practices. These can affect various systems including the eyes, heart, joints, kidneys, and nervous system, potentially impacting your cat’s quality of life. Responsible ownership and routine veterinary care are essential to ensure your Bengal stays happy and healthy.

Selective Breeding and Inherited Health Risks

Selective breeding aims to emphasise specific characteristics in Bengal cats but can inadvertently increase risks of inherited diseases due to inbreeding. While Bengal cats are generally robust and active, certain hereditary issues are more prevalent in this pedigree. Ethical breeders use genetic testing to minimise these risks and promote healthier kittens.

When looking for Bengal kittens, always seek reputable breeders who prioritise health testing to reduce inherited disorders.

Common Inherited Eye Disorders

Cataracts

Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy, leading to blurred vision or blindness if untreated. This condition can occur at any age and regular eye checks are vital. Early management can improve outcomes.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

PRA is a genetic degeneration of the retina causing gradual vision loss, starting with night blindness and potentially leading to complete blindness within a few years. It can manifest as early as 2–3 months in kittens or later in life. No cure exists, but genetic testing helps breeders reduce incidence.

Entropion

Entropion is a painful condition where the eyelids roll inward, causing eyelashes to rub on the cornea. Symptoms include squinting, eye discharge, frequent blinking, and light sensitivity. If untreated, it can cause ulcers and blindness. Surgical correction by a vet is usually required.

Inherited Heart Conditions

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

HCM is the thickening of the heart muscle, often affecting the left ventricle and reducing blood flow. It may cause sudden heart failure, lethargy, weak pulse, or limb paralysis. Male Bengals are at higher risk, and the condition can develop early in life. Annual cardiac screening is recommended for early detection and management.

Neurological and Joint Disorders

Distal Neuropathy

This neurological disorder affects around 9% of Bengal cats by 1 year old. Signs include muscle weakness, constipation, and poor wound healing, progressing to paralysis. Though prognosis is often poor, veterinary advances offer better understanding and some treatment options.

Patellar Luxation

This hereditary condition involves dislocation of the kneecap, which can cause pain and mobility issues. Treatment varies from medication to surgery depending on severity. Early veterinary advice is crucial.

Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia affects the hip joint, leading to arthritis and reduced mobility, which is particularly impactful given Bengals’ active nature. Responsible breeders screen for this to reduce prevalence.

Kidney Disorders

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD)

PKD is a genetic enzyme deficiency causing breakdown of red blood cells, resulting in anaemia. Genetic testing is available and helps reduce disease prevalence in breeding programs.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (also PKD)

Polycystic Kidney Disease causes cyst formation in kidneys, potentially leading to chronic kidney failure. This disease requires veterinary management and early detection through screening is beneficial.

Stress-Related and Other Health Concerns

Psychogenic Alopecia (Over-Grooming)

Bengals may develop excessive grooming behaviours linked to stress, causing fur loss and skin irritation. If you notice bald patches, a vet can diagnose the underlying cause and recommend treatment to manage this compulsive behaviour.

Responsible Bengal Cat Ownership

If you are considering welcoming a Bengal cat into your home, understanding these inherited health problems helps you provide the best care. Choosing reputable Bengal breeders who conduct genetic health screening is crucial to reduce the risk of inherited diseases.

Regular veterinary check-ups, including eye and heart examinations, alongside a healthy diet and stress management, will support your feline’s wellbeing and longevity.

Conclusion

Bengal cats are beautiful, intelligent, and lively companions. Like all pedigrees, they carry risks of inherited health problems, particularly affecting the eyes, heart, kidneys, joints, and nervous system. Being informed, choosing responsible breeders, and maintaining routine veterinary care are the best ways to enjoy a long, healthy life with your Bengal cat.