Insulinoma in Dogs: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Insulinoma in dogs is a serious medical condition characterised by a tumour in the pancreas. This tumour causes the pancreas to produce excess insulin regardless of food intake, leading to dangerously low blood sugar levels, known as hypoglycaemia. Because of this, affected dogs often show signs of weakness and neurological symptoms that require prompt veterinary attention.

Symptoms Associated with Insulinoma in Dogs

Dogs suffering from insulinoma may exhibit a range of symptoms due to low blood sugar. These typically include:

• Weakness and lethargy
• Reduced enthusiasm or intolerance for exercise
• Fainting or collapse episodes
• Lack of appetite or nausea
• Unsteady or wobbly gait
• Seizures or disorientation in advanced cases

These signs tend to worsen after periods of fasting or prolonged activity. Noticing any of these early and seeking veterinary advice is crucial for timely diagnosis and care.

Diagnosing Insulinoma

Diagnosis can be challenging because symptoms are non-specific and blood tests may not always be conclusive. A thorough veterinary assessment usually involves:

• Reviewing your dog's medical history and symptom progression
• Blood tests measuring blood glucose and insulin levels to detect hypoglycaemia alongside inappropriate insulin secretion
• Abdominal ultrasound to identify pancreatic tumours and detect if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or organs
• Chest X-rays to check for metastasis to the lungs or other tissues
• In some cases, a surgical biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis but only when benefits outweigh risks

Treatment Options for Canine Insulinoma

Treatment largely depends on the stage and extent of the disease. Options include:

• Surgical removal of tumours: When the tumour is localised, surgery by a veterinary oncologist can be effective in prolonging quality of life.
• Supportive care: If the cancer has spread making surgery unfeasible, management focuses on controlling blood sugar levels through frequent small meals rich in complex carbohydrates, medication such as glucocorticoids, and exercise restriction.
• Medication: Drugs may be prescribed to help regulate insulin levels and prevent severe hypoglycaemic episodes.

Close monitoring and regular veterinary check-ups are essential throughout treatment to adapt care as needed.

Prognosis and Life Expectancy

The outlook for dogs diagnosed with insulinoma varies depending on how early the tumour is detected and the treatment options available. After successful surgery, many dogs live around 12 to 18 months with a good quality of life. However, if surgery isn't possible, life expectancy is sadly reduced to a few months, with supportive care aimed at comfort rather than cure.

Owners should work closely with their vet to understand treatment goals and make informed decisions that prioritise their dog's welfare and quality of life.

Promoting Responsible Pet Ownership

While insulinoma can affect various breeds, certain medium to large breeds like German Shepherds, Irish Setters, Boxers and Golden Retrievers may have increased risk. Responsible breeding practices and regular veterinary health screening can help reduce incidence of hereditary conditions including tumours.

If you are considering getting a dog, always seek reputable breeders or rescue organisations to promote ethical and healthy pet ownership.