Intussusception in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Intussusception in dogs is a serious medical condition where a part of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent segment, causing an obstruction that can threaten your dog’s life if not treated promptly. Commonly affecting the small intestine but sometimes involving the large intestine, this condition disrupts normal digestion and requires urgent veterinary attention.
Some breeds, including the Pug puppies, Puggle puppies (a Pug and Beagle mix), and Jug puppies (Jack Russell and Pug crossbreeds), are more prone to developing intussusception. However, dogs of any breed or age can be affected, so understanding the condition is valuable for all dog owners.
Understanding Intussusception in Dogs
The intestine is a long, coiled tube crucial for digesting and absorbing nutrients. In intussusception, one section slides into an adjacent part, much like a telescope collapsing. This telescoping leads to reduced blood flow, swelling of the affected tissues, and eventually tissue death if untreated. The condition can develop rapidly, so early recognition is critical.
Common Causes and Predisposing Factors
Intussusception often results from interrupted or irregular intestinal movement due to various underlying problems. Causes include:
- Intestinal parasites increasing motility disturbances
- Acute bacterial or viral infections such as parvovirus or bacterial gastroenteritis
- Eating foreign bodies like plastic or toy fragments that lodge in the intestine
- Inflammatory conditions affecting gut health
- Sometimes no clear cause is identified
Young dogs, especially puppies around three months old, are more frequently affected, but adult dogs can develop it too. German Shepherds have a higher incidence, but all breeds should be monitored for symptoms.
Recognising the Symptoms of Intussusception
The symptoms often mimic other digestive issues but are serious. Watch for:
- Persistent vomiting due to intestinal blockage
- Diarrhoea, sometimes with jelly-like mucus mixed in the faeces
- Loss of appetite or becoming unwilling to eat
- Abdominal pain or swelling, which owners might notice if their dog is tender when the abdomen is touched
- General lethargy or signs of discomfort
- Reduction or stop of normal stool production following initial faeces passage beyond the blockage
Diagnosing Intussusception
If you suspect your dog has intussusception, an immediate visit to the vet is essential. The vet will:
- Perform a physical examination to palpate the abdomen for unusual masses or pain
- Request faecal testing to rule out parasites
- Order blood tests to check for dehydration or electrolyte imbalances
- Use imaging diagnostics such as abdominal X-rays with barium contrast or ultrasound to confirm the telescoping and obstruction location
- Sometimes exploratory surgery may be necessary if imaging is inconclusive
Treatment and Surgery Options
This condition will not resolve by itself and requires surgical correction. The options include:
- Manual reduction: sliding the telescoped intestinal parts apart if no tissue death has occurred
- Intestinal resection and anastomosis: removal of the affected dead or necrotic section, then reconnecting the healthy ends
- Enteroplication: tacking intestinal loops together to prevent recurrence, especially if the dog has had prior episodes
Post-surgery, your dog will usually need hospitalisation for several days for recovery and supportive care. Early surgery and prompt supportive treatment significantly improve recovery chances.
Prevention and Responsible Dog Ownership
Although not all causes of intussusception can be prevented, maintaining good worming routines, providing safe chew toys, and early treatment of infections can reduce risk. Responsible pet ownership includes monitoring your dog's digestive health closely and seeking veterinary advice at the earliest signs of intestinal distress.
Summary
Intussusception is a serious but treatable condition when diagnosed early. Knowing the symptoms, causes, and surgical treatments can empower dog owners to act quickly and hopefully save their pets’ lives. If you have a young dog or one of the susceptible breeds, always observe changes in appetite, bowel movements, and general wellbeing and consult your vet or reputable breeders for guidance.
