Intussusception in Leonberger Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

The Leonberger is a large dog breed from the Kennel Club’s working group, originally hailing from Germany. These striking, noble-looking dogs are not very common in the UK. The breed was almost lost after World War I, with only five pedigree Leonbergers remaining to establish today’s breed stock.

Leonbergers are versatile, possessing average intelligence and moderate exercise needs. They respond well to training when approached correctly, though their large size and confident nature require an experienced owner who can manage a strong and potentially dominant dog. Loyal and deeply attached to their loved ones, Leonbergers form close bonds with their families.

If you’re an experienced dog owner looking for a confident and unique companion, the Leonberger merits serious consideration. Researching the breed thoroughly, meeting multiple Leonbergers, and consulting with existing owners is invaluable before making a commitment.

An important aspect for potential Leonberger owners is the breed’s general health. Leonbergers tend to have shorter lifespans, averaging around 8-9 years, and may be prone to several health issues. One critical condition affecting them is called intussusception.

What is Intussusception?

Intussusception is an urgent medical condition where a part of the intestine folds (telescopes) into an adjacent segment. This causes obstruction, inflammation, and potentially severe damage or tissue death if untreated. The condition can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly affects the middle of the small intestine or the junction between the small and large intestines in Leonbergers.

Why Are Leonbergers at Higher Risk?

While intussusception can affect any dog, Leonbergers are disproportionately represented among cases. The precise causes remain unclear, but hereditary or conformation factors are suspected contributors. Most cases occur in puppies younger than one year, and especially in those under three months old.

Other risk factors include compromised immune systems, underlying gastrointestinal inflammation, infections (bacterial, viral, or parasitic), dietary changes, foreign bodies, or post-surgical changes affecting intestinal motility.

Recognising Symptoms of Intussusception

Because intussusception occurs internally, symptoms can be varied and often severe. Prompt veterinary attention is vital if you notice any of the following signs in your Leonberger:

• Persistent vomiting, possibly containing blood or faecal matter
• Diarrhoea, often bloody
• Abdominal pain, hardness, or swelling
• Difficulty or straining when defecating
• Loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss
• Breathing difficulties
• Dehydration and shock in severe cases

Diagnosis of Intussusception

Your vet will carry out several tests to confirm intussusception, including ultrasound and possibly contrast radiography. These imaging methods can reveal the telescoped intestinal segments. Blood, urine, and faecal samples help assess your dog's overall health and rule out other conditions. In some cases, exploratory surgery is necessary to confirm diagnosis and treat the condition.

Treatment and Recovery

Intussusception requires emergency surgical correction. During surgery, the vet will attempt to reduce the intussusception or remove any necrotic intestine with resection and anastomosis. Supportive care including intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and pain relief is essential before and after surgery. Recovery requires restricted activity and close monitoring to ensure comfort and healing.

Early intervention is critical for the best prognosis. Untreated intussusception can be fatal due to complications such as sepsis.

Breeding Considerations for Leonbergers

Given the increased prevalence of intussusception in Leonbergers, breeders should approach breeding with caution. Until more is known about any genetic link to the condition, it is advisable to avoid breeding dogs with a history of intussusception. Collaboration with veterinary geneticists and participation in the Kennel Club’s Breed Health and Conservation Plan can support healthier breeding practices.

Prioritising overall gastrointestinal health and screening for predispositions like chronic enteritis or parasitic infections is recommended for responsible breeding.

Summary

Intussusception is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract of dogs, with a notably higher incidence in Leonbergers. Prompt recognition of symptoms and immediate veterinary care are lifesaving.

Leonberger owners and breeders must be aware of these risks and take preventative actions where possible. Access to excellent veterinary care in the UK ensures appropriate diagnosis and treatment can be delivered effectively.

Responsible ownership and ethical breeding decisions are essential to improve the health outlook for this majestic breed.