Joint Problems in Cats: Causes, Symptoms, and Care
Cats are naturally agile and athletic creatures, known for their playful leaps, climbing skills, and hunting instincts. However, these everyday activities can place considerable stress on their joints over time, leading to joint problems that affect their mobility and quality of life. Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear, is particularly common among cats, especially as they age. Studies suggest that around 20% of the general cat population, and a much higher percentage of elderly cats, may show signs of arthritis.
Recognising Sudden Joint Pain or Lameness
If your cat suddenly shows signs of lameness or swelling in a joint, it is usually due to an injury rather than osteoarthritis, which develops gradually. Common causes include sprains or fractures involving the joints. Unfortunately, some fractures, even after healing, can leave lasting joint damage. Immediate veterinary attention is advisable to assess and treat these acute joint injuries.
Understanding Osteoarthritis in Cats
Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage cushioning the joints deteriorates, causing bones to rub against each other. This results in pain, inflammation, swelling, and reduced joint mobility. It primarily affects older cats and commonly involves the elbow and hip joints. Aside from age-related wear and tear, early injuries or hereditary bone deformities may contribute.
Recognising arthritis in cats can be challenging, as they often mask their pain. Behavioural changes such as hiding, irritability when handled, or resistance to being picked up are common indicators. Gradual reduction in activity, overgrown claws due to reluctance to use scratching posts, poor grooming leading to a dull or matted coat, and general lethargy are subtle signs. Once diagnosed and treated, many cats regain their vitality and comfort rapidly.
The best way to confirm osteoarthritis is through veterinary examination and radiographs taken under sedation or anaesthesia, since physical exams alone may not reveal the full extent of joint damage.
Other Types of Joint Diseases in Cats
Besides osteoarthritis, cats might suffer from other joint conditions, albeit less commonly. Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition, does occur but is rare in feline patients. Another important condition is septic arthritis, where infections settle into joint spaces following wounds or other causes, leading to severe inflammation. These infections require prompt veterinary intervention, usually involving antibiotics and pain management to clear up.
Managing Osteoarthritis: Practical Tips
- Install ramps or step aids to help your cat reach favourite elevated spots without stressing joints.
- Ensure your cat stays warm, especially during cold nights in winter. Electric heating pads designed for pets are safe, economical, and can greatly ease joint discomfort.
- Provide soft, comfortable beds placed in accessible areas of your home where the cat can rest easily.
- Consider tying cat flaps open to reduce effort needed for entry and exit.
- Use low-sided litter trays or garden seed trays for easier access if your cat struggles to climb into standard ones.
- Place food and water bowls on one level and in easily accessible locations to minimise stair climbing.
- Help with grooming, particularly in areas your cat struggles to reach, and keep claws trimmed to prevent additional pain from overgrowth.
- Monitor your cat's weight vigilantly; overweight cats have added stress on joints. Switch to light or weight-control diets to maintain a healthy physique.
Treatments and Supplements for Arthritic Cats
Some nutritional supplements may support joint health, though scientific evidence varies. Cod liver oil can be beneficial but must be carefully dosed to avoid toxicity. Supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin, known for promoting cartilage repair, are popular choices but require consistent, long-term use. Veterinary therapeutic diets designed for joint care balance omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, contributing to reduced inflammation.
Veterinarians frequently prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like meloxicam to alleviate arthritis-related pain effectively. In many cases, these medications can restore much of your cat’s previous vibrancy. Corticosteroids may also be considered but carry a risk of side effects, requiring regular monitoring through blood tests.
Never give your cat human medications such as aspirin or paracetamol, as these are toxic and can be fatal.
When to See Your Vet
If your cat shows signs of joint discomfort or behavioural changes suggestive of pain, prompt veterinary assessment is essential. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment improve outcomes, allowing your cat to enjoy an active, comfortable life for many years.
Remember, pet health involves ongoing care and attention. Supporting your cat’s joint health proactively and responding promptly to any issues is a cornerstone of responsible pet ownership.
