Keeping an axolotl as a pet: Complete care guide 2025

The axolotl is a fascinating type of aquatic salamander that resembles a cross between a fish and a lizard. Though unusual, axolotls are relatively easy to keep as pets with proper research and understanding of their unique needs. If you are intrigued, continue reading to learn all you need to know about caring for these extraordinary creatures.

Why do axolotls make interesting pets?

Axolotls stand out due to their distinctive appearance and remarkable traits. Most visitors will have never heard of an axolotl unless they are reptile enthusiasts. One of their most captivating features is their exceptional regenerative ability. They can heal injuries easily, regenerating limbs like legs, which sets them apart from many other amphibians and reptiles. Despite not being constantly energetic, axolotls are generally active and curious, making them continuously watchable and fascinating to observe.

All about axolotls

Axolotls are neotenic, meaning they retain larval features throughout life, including external gills, and do not metamorphose into terrestrial adults like most salamanders. Instead, they become sexually mature underwater. Occasionally, wild axolotls metamorphose and move onto land, but this is rare. Native to Mexico, most pet axolotls in the UK belong to the Ambystoma mexicana genus. Properly cared for, they are hardy and can live over ten years.

Axolotls have delicate skin and gills, so they should not be handled unnecessarily. Young axolotls can be cannibalistic, so housing them together at a young age should be avoided. Adults may also show aggression, especially in overcrowded tanks. They are carnivorous and will eat other fish or aquatic pets, so cohabitation with other species is not recommended. Mature axolotls often grow to around 25 cm, with some individuals exceeding this size.

What do I need to care for axolotls?

Caring for axolotls requires a setup similar to fish but with specific modifications. A sturdy glass or acrylic tank of at least 45 litres is recommended for a couple of axolotls, with a secure lid to prevent escapes, as they can climb. The water temperature should be kept cool, ideally between 16 and 18°C (60 to 64°F), as warmer water causes stress and health risks. Bright lights should be avoided; a dim tank light that can be switched off during nighttime is ideal.

Substrate choices are important; fine sand or no substrate at all is best. Gravel or small stones should be avoided, as axolotls may ingest them, resulting in digestive obstruction. Providing hiding spots with ornaments or plants helps reduce stress. Water quality is paramount: a quality filter to maintain clean, oxygenated water, regular partial water changes, and tank cleaning are essential. Tap water must be treated with water conditioners to ensure safety.

What do axolotls eat?

In the wild, axolotls consume fish, crustaceans, worms, and other amphibians. For tank-kept axolotls, standard fish food is inadequate and should be replaced with a meat-based diet including items like bloodworms, brine shrimp, tubifex worms, and beef heart. Frozen or live prey are widely available from pet stores and should be frequency fed at least once daily. Uneaten food must be promptly removed to maintain water quality and prevent cannibalism among axolotls.

Where can you buy axolotls?

Axolotls are commonly found in larger pet shops specialising in reptiles and fish, as well as from specialist breeders and online retailers. Because axolotls are protected and critically endangered in the wild, it is vital to purchase captive-bred animals from reputable sources only. Prior thorough research and confirmation of your ability to provide long-term care are essential to ensure responsible ownership.

Responsible ownership and legal considerations

It is important to note that axolotls have specific legal restrictions in some countries and states; although these may not apply in the UK, potential owners should always check local regulations. Ensuring the axolotl's well-being includes providing the correct environment, diet, and minimizing handling to reduce stress. Responsible ownership involves commitment to maintaining a healthy habitat and being mindful of their specialised care needs during their lifespan of over a decade.