Birds of Prey as Pets in the UK: Legalities & Care Guide

While many prefer traditional pets like dogs or cats, some seek the unique bond that comes with working closely alongside a bird of prey. Whether for falconry or companionship, these majestic raptors offer a special partnership that requires commitment, expertise, and adherence to strict regulations in the UK.

Starting Out: Gaining Experience and Knowledge

Before considering ownership, it’s vital to gain hands-on experience with birds of prey. Visiting bird of prey centres and joining falconry clubs can provide invaluable insight. Many clubs offer beginner courses, giving you a practical foundation beyond books and videos. Engaging with experienced keepers or breeders nearby for advice can enhance your understanding of the responsibilities involved.

Understanding UK Legal Requirements for Owning Birds of Prey

In the UK, it’s legal to own certain birds of prey, but strict laws govern their keeping. Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, birds listed under Schedule 4 must be registered if kept captive. Species include the honey buzzard, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon, goshawk, marsh harrier, Montagu’s harrier, merlin, and osprey.

Registration involves permanently identifying your bird through a closed ring placed as a hatchling or a microchip, followed by submitting a registration form to the Centre for International Trade - Bristol (CIT-Bristol), part of the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA). This process must occur within one month of keeping the bird at your premises if in England or Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland have separate legislation.

For peregrines and falcons, an Article 10 certificate may exempt the owner from registration requirements if the bird is ringed or microchipped. It’s illegal to capture wild birds of prey or keep unregistered birds, with breaches potentially leading to prosecution.

Finding a Bird of Prey: Ethical and Legal Acquisition

Only captive-bred birds should be purchased, and proof of breeding must be provided to comply with the law. Always obtain birds from reputable breeders who can provide essential documentation, such as proof of ring placement or microchipping. Contact DEFRA or other relevant authorities to understand the full legal obligations before purchasing.

Housing Your Raptor Safely and Comfortably

Your bird will need suitable accommodation which should be prepared well in advance. Aviaries or weathering areas need to be at least twice the wingspan length and width of your species to provide freedom of movement. The space must protect your bird from predators such as cats, dogs, and mink, be dry, draught-free, free from contaminants like fungal spores, and easy to clean.

Perches should be appropriate for the species and regularly inspected to prevent foot injuries—a common health issue in captive raptors. For transportation, use a specially designed box that allows standing without contact to sides, with adequate ventilation and flooring material like clean open-weave carpet. Avoid exposing the bird to fumes or overheating during transit.

Feeding and Nutrition

A healthy diet is key to your bird’s wellbeing and training success. Provide fresh, hygienic meat free from lead shot. Commercial suppliers of raptor food are available, such as those listed in the IBR Falcon Directory. Fresh, clean water should always be accessible.

Weathering, Perching, and General Care

Birds that fly during the day should not be tethered unless in active training or veterinary treatment. Smaller owls may be kept untethered in aviaries after training. All birds should have access to water and protection from extreme weather conditions while tethered or housed.

Daily health checks are essential. Being attuned to your bird’s normal behaviour and appearance lets you spot signs of injury or illness early. Maintain daily cleaning routines, removing faeces and uneaten food to reduce infection risk.

Responsible Ownership and Ethical Considerations

Keeping a bird of prey is a serious, lifelong commitment requiring time, funds, and specialised care equipment. Ethical acquisition from licensed breeders promotes conservation and prevents illegal wild capture. Proper registration respects wildlife protection laws, helping preserve native species.

Owners are advised to consider insurance policies suitable for birds of prey, which cover illness, injury, theft, and death. Support from falconry communities and professionals can guide you through legal obligations and best care practices.

For those interested in feathered pets, explore a wide variety of birds available responsibly for sale, including small pet birds, through resources like birds for sale.

Conclusion: A Rewarding but Demanding Journey

Owning a bird of prey in the UK can be a uniquely rewarding experience, combining the thrill of working with a majestic raptor and the joy of companionship. However, it demands thorough preparation, informed legal compliance, and dedicated care. By embracing responsible practices, potential owners can contribute to the welfare of these spectacular creatures while enjoying a lifelong partnership.