Kennel Club introduces new DNA tests for Leonberger health
The Leonberger is a large, gentle, and affectionate dog breed that is less common in the UK but beloved by many enthusiasts. Despite its appealing traits, the breed faces some hereditary health challenges, including neurological conditions that can significantly impact affected dogs’ quality of life.
To help preserve the health of Leonbergers, the UK Kennel Club has developed and approved new DNA testing schemes aimed at identifying genetic markers linked to two serious conditions: Leonberger polyneuropathy (LPN2) and leukoencephalomyelopathy (LEMP). These additions complement an existing test for LPN1, providing breeders with more comprehensive tools to make informed breeding choices.
Understanding Leonberger Polyneuropathy (LPN2 and LPN1)
Leonberger polyneuropathy is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder that typically manifests in young dogs. The LPN2 variant causes progressive muscle weakness, particularly in the back legs, resulting in an abnormal gait, exercise intolerance, and in some cases, breathing difficulties. LPN1 is another form, for which DNA tests have been available to breeders.
What is Leukoencephalomyelopathy (LEMP)?
LEMP is a neurodegenerative disorder sharing similar symptoms to polyneuropathy but is not painful. It severely affects a dog’s mobility and overall quality of life. Notably, LEMP arises from a different gene mutation than LPN forms and requires separate DNA testing.
How the Kennel Club's DNA Testing Works
The new DNA tests are simple and involve a cheek swab taken by a vet, then analysed at accredited laboratories approved by the Kennel Club. Results typically arrive within 1 to 3 weeks, allowing breeders to identify if prospective parent dogs carry genetic markers associated with LPN2 and LEMP.
While the LPN2 test can detect markers linked to the condition, absence of markers does not guarantee complete safety, as research into this condition’s genetics continues. The LEMP test has identified a mutation strongly correlated with disease; however, not all dogs with the mutation develop symptoms, indicating other factors may influence the condition's expression.
Responsible Breeding and Using DNA Test Results
DNA testing should guide breeders toward choices that reduce the likelihood of producing affected puppies, promoting the overall health and longevity of the breed. For example:
- Avoid breeding dogs that are homozygous (with two copies of the mutation) for these conditions, as they have a high risk of passing them on.
- Breed carriers (dogs with one copy) only with clear dogs, and test their offspring to manage genetic diversity responsibly.
- Register test results with the Kennel Club for transparency and to help prospective puppy buyers make informed decisions.
Getting Your Leonberger Tested
If you own a Leonberger and plan to breed, discuss DNA testing with your vet. The simple cheek swab can provide valuable health information that supports responsible breeding and helps safeguard future generations. Test results can also be shared with the Kennel Club’s health database to add an extra layer of reassurance for those seeking to find a Leonberger puppy.
Summary: Key DNA Tests for Leonberger Health
| Test | Condition | Accuracy/Notes | Breeding Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| LPN1 | Polyneuropathy 1 | High accuracy, causative mutation known | Avoid breeding affected dogs; prefer clear (N/N) |
| LPN2 | Polyneuropathy 2 | Moderate; genetics partially understood | Use caution; breed carriers only with clears |
| LEMP | Leukoencephalomyelopathy | Strong correlation; incomplete penetrance | Avoid breeding affected dogs; test offspring |
Why DNA Testing Matters
While no DNA test offers 100% certainty, these schemes are vital tools in reducing the incidence of debilitating inherited diseases in Leonberger dogs. They empower breeders to act responsibly, prioritising health and wellbeing to maintain this gentle giant’s legacy for the future.
