Kennel cough: Symptoms, Treatment & Vaccine Guide

Kennel cough is a widely recognised canine respiratory infection in the UK, known for its characteristic dry, honking cough and its ability to spread rapidly among dogs in close contact.

Though less common today due to improved vaccination practices, kennel cough remains a pertinent health concern for dog owners, especially those with social, boarding, or training dogs. This comprehensive guide will help you understand kennel cough’s causes, transmission, symptoms, treatment options, and how vaccination plays a vital role in prevention.

What is kennel cough?

Kennel cough, medically called Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRD), is an infection affecting a dog’s upper respiratory tract. It can be caused by various viruses and bacteria—including the notable Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterium and canine parainfluenza virus—among others such as adenovirus, coronavirus, and distemper viruses.

Dogs housed in boarding kennels, dog shelters, or areas with frequent social interaction are particularly susceptible due to the ease of spread of these pathogens.

How is kennel cough transmitted?

The infection spreads primarily through airborne droplets released when an infected dog coughs or sneezes, contaminating the surrounding air. Additionally, contaminated objects such as water bowls, toys, and bedding can harbour pathogens, posing a risk for other dogs.

Close contact environments, such as kennels, dog shows, and training classes, increase the risk of transmission rapidly.

Can humans catch kennel cough?

Kennel cough is one of the rare canine infections considered zoonotic, meaning it can occasionally infect people, particularly those who are immunocompromised or very young. However, it’s uncommon for healthy people to contract kennel cough even after prolonged exposure to infected dogs.

The kennel cough vaccine and its benefits

The kennel cough vaccine is a specialized vaccine, often administered as an intranasal spray, that helps stimulate local immunity in the nose’s lining to prevent respiratory infection. It is usually given separately from core vaccines like distemper and parvovirus, and it’s essential to ensure your dog is vaccinated especially if they regularly attend communal environments.

Vaccination is typically required by reputable boarding kennels, dog shows, and group training facilities as proof your dog has reduced risk of carrying or contracting the disease.

Preventing kennel cough effectively

Vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention, but other practical steps include:

• Maintaining your dog's overall health and immune strength by providing balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and reducing stress.
• Avoiding environments with poor ventilation or high densities of unknown dogs, especially in colder or damp conditions.
• Ensuring any kennel or dog event you attend strictly requires the kennel cough vaccine.
• Regularly disinfecting items your dog uses after potential exposure to infected dogs.

Recognising kennel cough symptoms

Kennel cough often presents with:

• A loud, persistent, dry cough that may sound honking or harsh
• Occasional “reverse sneezing” — a distinctive snorting or gagging sound
• Runny nose or watery eyes and sneezing
• Sore throat or irritated airways leading to coughing
• Reduced appetite and lethargy in more severe cases

Treating kennel cough

Mild cases can resolve naturally within three weeks; however, veterinary care is advised if symptoms worsen or persist beyond two weeks.

Treatment may involve:

• Supportive care such as rest, humidified air, and avoiding physical stress.
• Use of harnesses rather than collars to avoid choking or irritation of the trachea.
• Medications including antibiotics against bacterial infection (especially Bordetella), cough suppressants, and anti-inflammatory drugs when prescribed by a vet.
• Continuous monitoring to prevent complications like pneumonia, especially in puppies, elderly dogs, or those with weakened immunity.

What is the prognosis for dogs with kennel cough?

Most healthy dogs fully recover within weeks. However, it’s important to prevent spread to other dogs by isolating affected pets and thoroughly cleaning any contaminated items. Reinfection is possible due to the many pathogens involved, so maintaining vaccination and good hygiene remains vital.

Common questions about kennel cough

How long does kennel cough last?

Quick Answer: Kennel cough symptoms typically last between 1 to 3 weeks, but in some dogs, coughing can persist for up to 6 weeks.

The duration depends on the dog's immune system and whether secondary infections occur. Prompt treatment and supportive care can help shorten illness and improve comfort.

Can kennel cough be fatal?

Quick Answer: Kennel cough is rarely fatal in healthy dogs but can cause serious complications like pneumonia in puppies, elderly, or immunocompromised dogs.

Such cases require immediate veterinary attention. Early vaccination and good care significantly reduce the risk of severe illness.

Is the kennel cough vaccine safe?

Quick Answer: Yes, the kennel cough vaccine is generally safe and well tolerated. Some dogs may develop mild coughing or nasal discharge shortly after vaccination, which usually resolves quickly.

The vaccine helps reduce severity but does not guarantee complete immunity, so dogs should still be monitored for symptoms.

Summary

Kennel cough remains a significant respiratory condition in dogs, particularly in social or boarding settings. Awareness of symptoms, effective vaccination, and preventive measures are crucial for responsible dog ownership and community health. If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, consult your vet promptly to ensure the best outcome.

For further dog health and care information, consider exploring reputable breeders and finding healthy puppies from responsible sources.