Laryngeal paralysis in Labrador retrievers: Causes & care

The Labrador retriever is one of the most popular dog breeds in the UK, known for their friendly temperament, sociability, and intelligence. Families often choose Labradors as loving companions, as they are great with children and get along well with other pets when introduced properly.

However, prospective owners should be aware that Labradors can be prone to hereditary health issues, including a condition known as laryngeal paralysis. Although not the most common ailment in the breed, it is important for Labrador owners to understand the signs, causes, and treatments to ensure their dog's health and wellbeing.

What is laryngeal paralysis?

Laryngeal paralysis affects the larynx, or voice box, impairing the nerves that control the muscles and cartilage responsible for opening and closing it. In a healthy dog, the larynx opens during breathing to let air pass freely to the lungs. In dogs with laryngeal paralysis, this opening mechanism fails, causing difficulty in breathing.

This condition can interfere with normal breathing, eating, swallowing, and bark sounds, and in severe cases, it can become life-threatening.

Which Labradors are at risk?

Laryngeal paralysis more commonly develops in middle-aged to older Labradors, typically over 10 years of age, due to weakening nerves controlling the larynx muscles. Males may be slightly more predisposed. Occasionally, younger Labradors under six months may inherit a hereditary form of the condition, though this is rare.

Because hereditary testing protocols are not currently established for this condition in Labradors, knowing the health history of close relatives can provide clues about a predisposition.

Recognising symptoms of laryngeal paralysis

Early signs often include a change in the dog's bark, becoming hoarse or raspy. Noisy breathing, especially when inhaling, may be noticeable. Dogs might choke, gag, or have difficulty swallowing, particularly when eating.

Symptoms worsen with exercise, heat, or excitement, with affected dogs also panting excessively and showing signs of breathlessness or exercise intolerance.

Available treatments and care options

The most effective treatment for laryngeal paralysis in Labradors is surgical arytenoid lateralisation, which involves suturing the laryngeal cartilage to keep the airway open.

Post-surgery, many dogs enjoy a significantly improved quality of life, though they require careful monitoring to detect any potential complications such as aspiration pneumonia.

During care, avoid overheating, heavy exertion, and obesity to reduce respiratory stress. If identified early, with proper veterinary care and responsible management, dogs with laryngeal paralysis can lead happy lives.

Responsible ownership and breeding advice

Owners of affected Labradors should never breed from dogs with laryngeal paralysis to prevent passing on potential hereditary factors. Responsible breeders should screen their breeding lines for neurological health and avoid dogs with known family histories of the condition.

Vigilant observation for early symptoms and prompt veterinary assessment are key to managing the condition effectively.

Summary

Laryngeal paralysis in Labrador retrievers typically affects older dogs but can sometimes be hereditary in younger puppies. It impairs breathing through nerve dysfunction of the larynx muscles. Surgical correction offers good outcomes, but owners must provide careful care and avoid breeding affected dogs.