Complete Guide to the Borzoi Dog Breed: Care & Characteristics

The Borzoi dog breed, often called the Russian Wolfhound, is a large, elegant sighthound with a rich aristocratic heritage from Russia. Known for their grace, speed, and distinctive long coats, Borzois have captivated owners and enthusiasts worldwide. This guide provides detailed insight into their history, characteristics, care, and exercise needs, helping prospective owners understand this noble breed better.

Origin and History of the Borzoi

Originally bred by Russian nobility in the 1600s, the Borzoi was developed to hunt wolves, foxes, and hares across vast open plains. The breed was created by crossing Arabian Greyhounds with long-haired Russian sheepdogs, resulting in a dog with stunning speed and endurance. The name "Borzoi" comes from the Russian word "borzii," meaning "swift" or "fast." While once called the Russian Wolfhound, the breed was officially renamed Borzoi in 1936. It nearly faced extinction after the Russian Revolution due to its aristocratic associations but remains a treasured breed globally.

The Borzoi is recognised for its elegant stature and hunting prowess, embodying both grace and power.

Physical Characteristics and Size

Classed as a giant breed due to their height, Borzoi males typically stand between 71 and 86 cm (28 to 34 inches) at the withers and weigh from 34 to 48 kg (75 to 105 pounds). Females are slightly smaller, usually standing 66 to 81 cm (26 to 32 inches) and weighing 27 to 38 kg (60 to 85 pounds). Despite their height, Borzois are not overly bulky, showcasing a lean, streamlined build that supports their speed.

The breed exhibits long, slender legs, a deep chest, an arched loin, and a long, narrow head with distinctive feathering on the neck, hindquarters, and tail.

Coat Type and Grooming Needs

The Borzoi's coat is one of its most notable features. Unlike other sighthounds that have short coats for aerodynamic speed, Borzois have a long, silky coat that can be straight, wavy, or slightly curly, adapted for cold Russian winters. Their coat colours vary widely, with white and patchy patterns being common.

This long coat demands weekly brushing to prevent tangles and mats and to maintain its silky condition. Borzois also have a soft undercoat that thickens in winter and sheds with the change of seasons. Daily grooming sessions are encouraged during shedding seasons to manage loose fur and keep the coat healthy.

Temperament and Personality

Borzoi dogs are known for their gentle, calm, and dignified temperament. They are affectionate and loyal to family members but can be reserved or aloof with strangers. As sensitive souls, they respond best to kind, gentle training and may become upset if handled harshly.

They tend to be quieter dogs, rarely barking excessively, and exhibit cat-like cleanliness habits. Borzois can be affectionate with calm, older children but may not tolerate rough or boisterous behaviour from younger kids.

Their strong prey drive means they will eagerly chase small animals if given the chance, so responsible ownership involving careful supervision is essential.

Exercise Requirements and Lifestyle Considerations

Unlike many sighthounds who enjoy short bursts of speed followed by rest, Borzois have some of the highest exercise needs in the breed group. They thrive with daily exercise sessions lasting 30 to 60 minutes and benefit from having access to a secure, enclosed area where they can run freely.

In their native Russia, Borzois often live outdoors in rural areas, used historically for hare coursing and pest control. In domestic UK settings, providing sufficient physical and mental stimulation can be challenging but is vital to their wellbeing.

Prospective owners should be prepared to offer regular, vigorous exercise and enrichment activities to prevent boredom and associated behaviours.

Training Tips and Responsible Ownership

Borzoi training requires patience, gentleness, and consistency. As intelligent but independent thinkers, they do best with positive reinforcement methods and firm but kind guidance.

Regular socialisation from an early age helps them become well-adjusted companions. Because of their hunting instincts, Borzois should be kept on leads or within well-fenced areas during outdoor activities to protect local wildlife and smaller pets.

Choosing a reputable Borzoi breeder is also crucial to support responsible breeding and healthy puppies who meet breed standards.

Health and Lifespan

Borzoi dogs generally live between 9 and 12 years. While a healthy breed overall, they can be prone to health issues common in large breeds, including bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus), cardiac conditions, and some hereditary problems. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and suitable exercise help maintain their good health.

Conclusion: Is a Borzoi Right for You?

The Borzoi is a majestic, athletic, and affectionate dog breed with a storied history rooted in Russian nobility. Their long coats and exercise needs mean they require committed, responsible owners who can provide daily care, grooming, and physical activity.

If you appreciate dignified elegance combined with a gentle temperament and have the time for grooming and exercise, a Borzoi can be a wonderfully rewarding companion. Always ensure to buy from reputable breeders or consider adoption to promote ethical pet ownership and support dog welfare.