Leiomyoma in Dogs: Intestinal & Stomach Tumours Guide

Leiomyoma is a rare and generally benign tumour that develops in the smooth muscle layers of a dog's stomach or intestines. These tumours grow slowly and are often found in mature or senior dogs, affecting any breed or sex.

While leiomyomas typically remain limited in spread, they can cause complications such as digestive tract blockage or interfere with nearby organs if left untreated. This guide explains what leiomyomas are, common symptoms, how vets diagnose them, and treatment options to improve your dog's quality of life.

Which Dogs Can Develop Leiomyoma?

Leiomyoma is not linked to any specific breeds, hereditary condition, or physical conformation. Both male and female dogs, neutered or unneutered, can develop these tumours. The condition mainly affects older dogs, typically those aged six to seven years and above.

Owners of senior dogs should be vigilant for potential signs indicating leiomyoma and consult their vet promptly if concerns arise.

Recognising Symptoms of Leiomyoma in Dogs

The symptoms depend on tumour location and size, which affects how much it interferes with normal digestion.

For tumours in the stomach, signs may be absent at first. Vomiting is the most common symptom but is not specific to leiomyoma, requiring further veterinary examination.

If the tumour affects the small intestine, dogs may present with more noticeable digestive disturbances such as repeated vomiting, excess gas, rumbling sounds in the abdomen, and sometimes a palpable abdominal mass or pain when the area is touched. Weight loss can also occur as the tumour advances.

Large intestine leiomyomas may lead to fresh blood in stools, difficulty passing stools, constipation, or straining. Rectal prolapse can occur in severe cases, with a clear mass sometimes felt during rectal examination.

How Is Leiomyoma Diagnosed in Dogs?

Diagnosis can be challenging due to the general nature of symptoms shared with other gastrointestinal issues. Your vet will begin with a thorough physical examination and consideration of your dog's medical history.

Tests often include blood panels and urinalysis to rule out other illnesses. Ultrasound imaging is frequently used to inspect the stomach and intestines for thickening or masses suggestive of tumours.

Additional imaging techniques like X-rays or endoscopy might be needed to visualise the tumour directly. A biopsy taken during surgery or endoscopy confirms the tumour type and whether it is benign.

Treatment Options for Leiomyoma in Dogs

Surgical removal is the primary treatment and generally very successful, especially since these tumours are often benign and slow growing.

Post-surgery, most dogs make a good recovery and return to normal health. However, some dogs may not be candidates for surgery due to age or other health concerns. In such cases, your vet may recommend palliative care to maintain comfort and quality of life.

Because leiomyomas commonly develop slowly, monitoring may be an option for older dogs if surgery poses high risks.

Key Takeaways

• Leiomyomas are rare benign tumours of the smooth muscle in the dog’s stomach or intestines.
• They primarily affect mature and senior dogs, regardless of breed or sex.
• Symptoms vary: vomiting, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, changes in stool, or rectal prolapse may occur.
• Veterinary diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests, imaging, and biopsy.
• Surgical removal is usually effective; for inoperable cases, palliative care focuses on comfort.

If you notice any worrying symptoms in your dog, especially if they are older, seek veterinary advice promptly. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment offer the best chance of a positive outcome.