LEMP DNA Testing for Rottweilers: Hereditary Health Guide
The Rottweiler is a large, muscular dog breed that is well known for its loyalty, protective nature, and intelligence. These well-built dogs have often been employed as watchdogs and in security roles due to their strong work ethic and ability to follow commands diligently. Despite media portrayals suggesting otherwise, Rottweilers are affectionate family dogs with reliable temperaments.
Like many pedigree breeds, Rottweilers can inherit specific health conditions passed down through generations. Responsible breeders use DNA health testing to identify and minimise the risk of hereditary diseases within their breeding stock. One such condition affecting Rottweilers is leukoencephalomyelopathy, or LEMP.
What is Leukoencephalomyelopathy (LEMP)?
LEMP is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder impacting the white matter of a dog's central nervous system (CNS). It typically presents in young dogs between 1 to 3 years old and progressively worsens over several months. Symptoms include uncoordinated gait, dragging or knuckling of paws, and a decline in mobility, which severely affects the dog's quality of life.
The condition results from a genetic mutation in the NAPEPLD gene, which plays a role in maintaining myelin—the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibres. In Rottweilers, a specific insertion mutation (c.345_346insC) has been identified as the primary cause of LEMP. Dogs affected by LEMP inherit two copies of this mutated gene, whereas carriers with one copy generally show no symptoms but can pass the mutation to their offspring.
How is LEMP Inherited in Rottweilers?
LEMP follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This means a puppy must inherit one mutated gene from each parent to develop the disease. Understanding the genetic status of prospective breeding dogs is crucial to prevent producing affected puppies.
- Breeding two clear (non-carrier) dogs results in 100% clear puppies.
- Two affected dogs will produce only affected puppies.
- Two carrier dogs can produce a litter with 25% affected, 50% carriers, and 25% clear puppies.
- A clear dog bred to a carrier may produce 50% carriers and 50% clear puppies.
- An affected dog bred to a carrier will result in 50% affected and 50% carrier puppies.
DNA Testing for Leukoencephalomyelopathy
To make responsible breeding decisions, DNA testing is essential. A veterinarian can collect a DNA sample from a blood vial or buccal swab and send it to an approved laboratory for analysis. The test results will classify the dog as:
- Clear: No copies of the mutated gene.
- Carrier: One copy of the mutated gene, typically asymptomatic but can pass on the mutation.
- Affected: Two copies of the mutated gene; dog likely to develop LEMP.
In the UK, The Kennel Club has supported an official DNA testing scheme for LEMP since 2021, aiming to reduce the prevalence of this debilitating condition. Results usually take 1 to 2 weeks, enabling timely decisions for breeders and owners.
Managing and Preventing LEMP
Currently, no effective treatment exists for LEMP in Rottweilers, and management primarily focuses on preserving the dog's quality of life. Early diagnosis through DNA testing allows breeders to avoid mating two carriers or affected dogs, significantly reducing the chances of affected puppies.
Responsible Rottweiler breeders use DNA testing results to plan healthy matings, ensuring the future population is free from or minimally impacted by LEMP. If you own a Rottweiler or are considering breeding, consulting your vet about DNA health testing for LEMP is a wise and compassionate choice.
Conclusion
Leukoencephalomyelopathy (LEMP) is a serious hereditary condition in Rottweilers affecting their nervous system and mobility. Understanding its genetics and utilising DNA health testing under Kennel Club guidance are key to preventing this disease in future litters. Through responsible breeding and regular health screening, we can protect the well-being of these cherished dogs and promote ethical breeding practices in the UK.
