Lhasa Apso hereditary health and testing guide

The Lhasa Apso is a small, sturdy breed originally bred in Tibet’s Buddhist monasteries as a watchdog. Known for their distinctive long, flowing coat and bearded face, Lhasa Apsos stand up to 10.75 inches at the shoulder and typically weigh up to 18 pounds, with males being slightly larger than females.

This charming toy breed requires regular grooming and careful health considerations. When looking to get a Lhasa Apso puppy, understanding its hereditary health risks and the recommended testing is crucial for responsible ownership and breeding decisions. This comprehensive guide covers the breed’s longevity, common hereditary health issues, recommended screening, and breeding advice.

Lhasa Apso Longevity and Conformation

Lhasa Apsos enjoy an average lifespan of 13 to 14 years, which is a little longer than many similar-sized breeds. Their well-balanced body shape suits their lifestyle, though their dense, long coat demands regular grooming routines including brushing, bathing, and occasional professional trimming.

Understanding Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding

Research shows the Lhasa Apso breed presents a coefficient of inbreeding (COI) of about 11.1%, higher than the ideal 6.25% or lower recommended for pedigree dogs. Elevated inbreeding may increase the risk of inheriting health problems. Responsible breeders should work to reduce COI by diversifying bloodlines, thus improving the breed’s genetic health over time.

Key Hereditary Health Issues in Lhasa Apso

1. Hereditary Eye Conditions: Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a common inherited eye disease in the breed that can lead to blindness. Annual veterinary eye screenings are advised to catch early signs and help manage breeding programs to reduce incidence.
2. Renal Dysplasia: A genetic kidney disorder where malformed kidney tissue leads to declining function, typically diagnosed between 6 months and 2 years. There is no cure, and affected dogs should not be bred to prevent passing on this serious condition.
3. Hemophilia B: A rare but serious inherited bleeding disorder caused by a mutation in the F9 gene. Genetic testing can identify carriers and affected dogs, helping breeders make informed decisions.
4. Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome: Due to their somewhat flat facial structure, Lhasa Apsos may experience breathing difficulties worsened by obesity and heat stress. Maintaining optimal weight and avoiding overheating is important.

Additional Health Concerns

Though less common, other health issues that Lhasa Apsos might face include:

• Patellar luxation (kneecap dislocation)
• Sebaceous adenitis causing skin scaling
• Glaucoma and hereditary cataracts affecting vision
• Intervertebral disc disease leading to spinal problems
• Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
• Atlanto-axial subluxation (neck bone instability)
• Cherry eye, where the gland of the third eyelid protrudes
• Cancers like intracutaneous cornifying epithelioma and perianal gland tumours
• Hydrocephalus (fluid accumulating in the brain)
• Urinary stones which can cause pain and infection

Recommended Health Testing and Screening

The British Veterinary Association and breed authorities recommend the following tests before breeding Lhasa Apsos to maintain breed health integrity:

• Annual screening by veterinary ophthalmologists for hereditary eye conditions including PRA.
• DNA testing for renal dysplasia to exclude affected dogs from breeding.
• Genetic testing for haemophilia B to identify carriers and prevent affected litters.

The Kennel Club offers a breed-specific DNA testing package that simplifies screening via cheek swab, delivering results in 1-3 weeks accompanied by breeder guidance.

Breeding Best Practices for Health

Healthy breeding practices are essential to reduce hereditary disease risks:

• Reduce inbreeding: Aim for COI under 6.25% by selecting genetically diverse mates.
• Exclude affected dogs: Do not breed dogs positive for serious inherited conditions such as renal dysplasia or haemophilia B.
• Monitor conformation: Avoid breeding dogs with severe brachycephalic traits that worsen breathing issues.
• Maintain regular health screenings: Encourage ongoing veterinary checks beyond genetic testing to catch age-related or non-hereditary issues early.

Conclusion

While the Lhasa Apso is generally a hardy and long-lived breed, responsible ownership requires awareness of inherited health problems. Through annual eye tests, genetic screenings, and mindful breeding to reduce inbreeding, the health and vitality of Lhasa Apsos can be preserved for generations.

If you are interested in finding Lhasa Apso puppies, ensure you choose reputable breeders who prioritise health testing and ethical breeding practices. This commitment safeguards not only the breed’s future but also the wellbeing of your beloved companion.