Lipomas and Liposarcomas in Dogs: Understanding Lumps and Bumps

As dogs grow older, it’s common for them to develop various lumps and bumps beneath the skin, which can understandably worry their loving owners. Among these, lipomas are frequently seen — these are benign fatty tumours that usually pose little threat but can sometimes cause discomfort or restrict movement. Conversely, liposarcomas are malignant tumours that look quite similar to lipomas but require prompt veterinary attention due to their potential severity. If your vet has mentioned lipomas or liposarcomas, this article will help you understand their nature, how to differentiate them, and what treatment options are available.

What is a Lipoma?

A lipoma is a slow-growing, benign fatty tumour located just under the skin’s surface. Typically, lipomas feel soft, pliable, and can be easily moved when gently touched. They most commonly appear around a dog’s chest and undercarriage but can develop anywhere on the body. These growths are usually harmless and do not transform into cancer. Treatment is generally unnecessary unless the lipoma causes mobility issues, persistent itching, or discomfort. Older dogs and certain breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers puppies, may be more prone to them. Surgical removal is considered mainly when the lipoma impedes movement or becomes problematic, as they sometimes reoccur or new lipomas develop elsewhere.

What is a Liposarcoma?

Liposarcomas are malignant tumours that arise from fatty tissue and can resemble lipomas in appearance, particularly in early stages. However, liposarcomas tend to be firmer, less movable, and may cause your dog pain when touched. These tumours can develop not only under the skin but also internally near organs or joints, making them more complex. While relatively uncommon compared to lipomas, liposarcomas are aggressive, prone to spreading to surrounding tissues and sometimes metastasising to vital organs like lungs or the heart. Diagnosing liposarcoma requires careful testing, including fine needle aspiration or imaging like MRI scans.

How to Differentiate Lipomas from Liposarcomas

It can be challenging to distinguish lipomas from liposarcomas by simple touch or sight alone because their appearances overlap significantly. Generally, lipomas are soft and freely movable, showing no signs of pain, whereas liposarcomas tend to be firm, fixed, and may be painful upon manipulation. However, some liposarcomas might not follow this pattern, so vets often recommend diagnostic procedures such as blood tests, biopsies, or imaging to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Treatments and Prognosis for Lipomas and Liposarcomas

Most lipomas do not require treatment and can be safely monitored unless causing issues. Surgery is an option if a lipoma restricts movement or irritates the dog, although some owners opt against surgery purely for cosmetic reasons given the benign nature of lipomas. It’s important to understand that removal doesn’t guarantee lipomas won’t return or new lumps won’t develop.

On the other hand, liposarcomas involve more complex management. Due to their cancerous nature, treatment usually begins with surgical excision of the tumour if feasible. For dogs that are elderly or have health concerns, surgery might not be advisable, and palliative care with pain relief is often used to maintain quality of life. In some cases, radiation or chemotherapy may be employed, but these approaches often provide only temporary control rather than a cure. Unfortunately, liposarcomas have a tendency to recur or progress, making long-term outcomes uncertain.

Can Lipomas or Liposarcomas Be Prevented?

Regrettably, there are no known preventive measures for either lipomas or liposarcomas, as their exact causes remain unclear and they are considered part of the natural ageing process in dogs. However, maintaining your dog’s overall health with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and routine veterinary care helps support their wellbeing and immune function, potentially improving resilience against various health challenges.

Key Takeaways for Responsible Dog Owners

• Regularly check your aging dog for new lumps, and consult your vet if any changes or concerns arise.
• Seek professional diagnosis to differentiate between benign lipomas and malignant liposarcomas, ensuring timely treatment when needed.
• Support your dog’s health with balanced nutrition and adequate exercise to promote longevity and quality of life.
• Avoid unnecessary surgeries for cosmetic reasons, focusing on your dog’s comfort and wellbeing.
• Work closely with your vet to monitor growths and decide on the best course of action based on your dog’s individual health status.

By understanding these common lumps and their implications, you can provide compassionate and informed care for your dog as they navigate their golden years.