Lymphoblastosis in Cats: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Care
Lymphoblastosis in cats is a condition involving the abnormal proliferation of lymphoblasts, which are immature lymphocyte cells. These white blood cells are vital for a healthy immune system, helping cats fight infections and diseases. When lymphoblastosis develops, it can severely affect a cat's health, potentially causing complications such as hypercalcaemia.
Symptoms and Types of Lymphoblastosis in Cats
The disease can affect either B or T lymphocytes located in a cat's bone marrow, lymph nodes, or internal organs. The symptoms vary significantly depending on the tumour type and location, with several notable forms:
Mediastinal Form
- Open mouth breathing
- Coughing
- Loss of appetite
- Anorexia
- Weight loss
Alimentary Form
- Anorexia
- Lethargy
- Vomiting
- Constipation
- Diarrhoea
- Blood in faeces
Multicentric Form
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Depression
Solitary/Renal Form
- Symptoms depend on tumour location
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Weakness
- Increased urination (polyuria)
- Increased thirst (polydipsia)
Causes and Risk Factors
Lymphoblastosis in cats is strongly linked to exposure to serious feline viral infections, particularly:
- Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)
- Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
These viruses can trigger malignant transformations in lymphoid cells. Preventive vaccinations against FeLV can reduce the risk of developing virus-associated lymphoid cancers.
Diagnosing Lymphoblastosis
A thorough veterinary assessment includes a detailed medical history, noting symptom onset and progression. Diagnostic tests often include:
- Complete blood count
- Biochemistry profile
- Urinalysis
- Bone marrow biopsy
- X-rays or imaging
Blood tests reveal anaemia and elevated lymphoblast levels, confirming the diagnosis. Lymphoblasts are immature cells normally found in bone marrow; excessive amounts in peripheral blood indicate disease.
Treatment and Management
Currently, no cure exists for feline lymphoblastosis. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms to maintain quality of life. Options may include chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but these require specialist evaluation by a veterinary oncologist to ensure they are appropriate.
Prognosis and Quality of Life
The prognosis is generally guarded, with survival rates ranging from months to a few years depending on individual response to treatment. Compassionate care, symptom management, and regular veterinary support remain central to helping affected cats live comfortably.
Supporting Cats with Lymphoblastosis
Caring for a cat with lymphoblastosis involves:
- Providing a calm, stress-free environment
- Ensuring a nutritious diet adapted to their condition
- Administering medications as prescribed
- Regular veterinary check-ups
- Monitoring symptoms closely to report changes
Owners should work closely with their vet to tailor care and support, always prioritising the cat's comfort.
Why Early Diagnosis Matters
Recognising signs early allows for timely veterinary intervention, which can help manage symptoms more effectively and improve a cat's quality of life. If you notice any persistent symptoms listed above in your cat, please seek veterinary advice promptly.
Learn More
For more information about feline diseases and responsible cat care, consider speaking to your vet or consulting trusted sources dedicated to feline health.
Remember: Early diagnosis and compassionate management are the best ways to support cats with lymphoblastosis, helping them live their days with as much comfort as possible.
Learn about responsible cat ownership and always obtain cats from reputable breeders or adoption centres.
