Mastiff Dog Health: Hereditary Issues & Testing Guide
The Mastiff is a majestic and impressive large dog breed, often standing up to 30 inches tall and weighing up to 110kg. Known for their gentle demeanour and protective nature, Mastiffs require ample space and an experienced owner to appreciate their unique needs fully. Understanding the breed’s hereditary health concerns and recommended health testing is vital for anyone considering welcoming a Mastiff into their home.
The term "Mastiff" can be quite broad, used both to describe the generic Mastiff breed and various Molosser-type breeds carrying "mastiff" in their names. These dogs share common physical traits such as a broad skull, deep chest, and robust build. This article specifically focuses on health aspects related to the Mastiff breed, especially from a UK perspective.
Genetic Diversity and Responsible Breeding
The coefficient of inbreeding (COI) in Mastiffs is around 13.3%, which is higher than the ideal maximum of 6.25% recommended for pedigree dogs. This elevated level indicates a risk of inherited health problems due to reduced genetic diversity. Responsible breeders in the UK strive to keep this figure low by careful mate selection and genetic screening, ensuring the future well-being of the breed.
Common Hereditary Health Issues in Mastiffs
Mastiffs are predisposed to several hereditary health conditions. Awareness of these issues can guide prospective owners and breeders to take preventive measures and conduct appropriate testing.
- Hip Dysplasia: A major concern with Mastiffs is poor hip conformation. The average hip score in the breed is approximately 18.5, which is considered poor. Breeding stock should ideally have scores below this average to reduce the likelihood of passing on hip problems.
- Elbow Dysplasia: Joint issues affecting the elbows can cause pain and mobility problems, so screening is essential.
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This eye disorder leads to gradual vision loss; DNA tests help identify carriers.
- Multi-focal Retinopathy: Another eye condition affecting the retina, detectable via genetic testing.
- Thyroid Problems: Autoimmune thyroiditis is notable in the breed, impacting metabolism and energy levels.
- Cystinuria: Causes kidney and bladder stones due to abnormal amino acid excretion, diagnosed by DNA testing.
- Degenerative Myelopathy: A progressive spinal cord disease leading to loss of coordination, detectable with genetic tests.
- Bloat (Gastric Torsion): The deep chest anatomy of Mastiffs makes them prone to this life-threatening condition where the stomach twists, requiring emergency care.
Health Testing Recommendations
Health screening protocols recommended by the British Veterinary Association, The Kennel Club, and international bodies are critical to managing Mastiff health:
- Hip and elbow scoring through radiographs to assess joint integrity.
- DNA testing for hereditary eye diseases like PRA and multi-focal retinopathy.
- Cardiac examinations to detect potential heart conditions such as pulmonic stenosis or mitral valve dysplasia.
- Screening for cystinuria and degenerative myelopathy with targeted genetic tests.
- Only bitches aged between 20 months and 6 years should be bred to promote healthier litters.
The Mastiff is listed as a high-profile breed with The Kennel Club, reflecting the importance of detailed health oversight due to their susceptibility to multiple hereditary diseases.
Additional Care Considerations
Besides inherited conditions, Mastiffs require practical daily care to remain healthy:
- The wrinkled skin folds around their face demand regular cleaning and drying to prevent infections.
- Young Mastiffs should not be over-exercised to protect developing bones and joints.
- Monitoring for symptoms including swelling, lameness, or eye abnormalities is essential for early veterinary intervention.
Finding a Healthy Mastiff Puppy
If you are considering to find a Mastiff puppy, ensure you buy from reputable Mastiff breeders who prioritise health testing and responsible breeding practices. Ethical breeders will provide clear documentation of health screenings and genetic test results, offering you confidence in your new companion’s long-term wellbeing.
Summary
The Mastiff’s large stature and loyal nature make it a rewarding pet choice for confident and committed owners. By understanding common hereditary health problems like hip dysplasia, eye diseases, and spinal conditions, and supporting recommended health testing, you contribute to the breed's welfare and longevity. Always prioritize finding a puppy from responsible sources, backed by thorough veterinary health checks and genetic screenings.
Investing in this knowledge ensures your Mastiff enjoys a healthy, happy life by your side.
