Yellow Dog Gums: Understanding Jaundice in Dogs

Finding that your dog's gums are yellow can be alarming and may signal jaundice, a symptom indicating an underlying health issue. This comprehensive guide explains jaundice in dogs, what causes yellow gums, how veterinarians diagnose the issue, and treatment options to help your beloved pet.

What is Jaundice?

Jaundice itself is not a disease but a visible symptom of elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. Healthy dogs keep bilirubin levels low, so yellow pigmentation remains unseen. When bilirubin accumulates, it causes yellowing of gums, skin, and the whites of the eyes.

Common Causes of Yellow Gums Due to Jaundice

Several health conditions can lead to jaundice in dogs, including:

• Liver Failure: If the liver can't process bilirubin correctly, it builds up, causing jaundice.
• Cancer: Liver tumours or cancers affecting red blood cells can elevate bilirubin.
• Immune-Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia (IMHA): The immune system destroys red blood cells excessively, increasing bilirubin.
• Infections: Viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections can affect liver function or cause red cell destruction.
• Gallbladder Disease: Problems that block bile flow interfere with bilirubin excretion.

While jaundice is the primary concern for yellow gums, localized yellowing around teeth may stem from dental tartar, unrelated to systemic jaundice. Nevertheless, any unusual yellowing warrants veterinary consultation.

How Vets Diagnose the Cause of Yellow Gums

To find the root cause of jaundice, vets carry out:

• Physical examinations checking for clinical jaundice.
• Blood tests measuring bilirubin levels and evaluating liver enzymes.
• Imaging such as ultrasound to inspect the liver and bile ducts.
• Sometimes biopsies to confirm liver disease or cancer.

Treatment Depends on Underlying Cause

The approach varies according to diagnosis:

• Liver Disease: Management may involve medication to reduce liver inflammation, antibiotics, or fluid therapy to support recovery.
• Anaemia (IMHA): Immunosuppressive drugs can help temper the immune system’s attack on red blood cells.
• Infections: Appropriate antibiotics or antifungals are administered.
• Gallbladder or Bile Duct Obstruction: Surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve blockages.
• Cancer: Treatments may include surgery, chemotherapy, or palliative care depending on prognosis.

When Should You See a Vet?

If your dog's gums, skin, or eyes appear yellow, seek veterinary attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve outcomes. Also, consult your vet if your dog shows other symptoms such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or vomiting. Regular health checks help catch problems early, promoting longer, healthier lives for your pets.

Remember: Yellow gums are a warning sign that should never be ignored. Prompt professional veterinary care is essential to diagnose and manage the underlying health issues causing jaundice.