Nasal tumours in dogs: symptoms, treatment & prognosis

Nasal tumours, or cancer of the nose, though relatively rare in dogs, can develop quickly and be aggressive. Recognising them early and seeking veterinary advice promptly is vital for managing this serious condition effectively.

This article explores nasal tumours in dogs, including types of tumours, symptoms to watch for, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis to support owners in making informed decisions about their dog's care.

Understanding nasal tumours in dogs

Your dog's nose is anatomically complex, consisting of two chambers formed by bones and sinuses separated by cartilage, ending in the nostrils. Tumours may develop within these chambers, potentially obstructing breathing and causing various health issues.

Although nasal tumours account for less than 3% of all canine cancers, they tend to be aggressive. Approximately two-thirds are carcinomas, with the remaining mostly sarcomas, and rarely, lymphomas may occur. Early recognition is crucial for timely intervention.

Which dogs are most at risk?

Nasal tumours usually affect mature and elderly dogs, typically over seven years of age, with males and females equally susceptible. Dogs with longer muzzles, such as the German Shepherd puppies, are more commonly affected than brachycephalic breeds.

While evidence is limited, there is anecdotal support for higher incidences in urban environments, possibly due to pollution exposure. Responsible breeding to avoid predisposition and maintaining good overall health is vital.

Recognising symptoms of nasal tumours

Symptoms vary with the type, location, and progression of the tumour. Early signs might be subtle but can develop rapidly:

• Persistent nasal discharge, sometimes bloody.
• Repeated sneezing or sneezing with blood.
• Laboured, noisy breathing or snoring sounds.
• Swelling of the nose, muzzle, or face.
• Loss of appetite and decreased sense of smell.
• Exercise intolerance and rapid fatigue.
• Weight loss and facial pain.
• Breathing through the mouth if the nose becomes blocked.
• At advanced stages, seizures or vision loss may occur.

If you notice any such signs, contact your vet promptly for evaluation.

Diagnosis: detecting nasal tumours early

Early diagnosis significantly impacts treatment success. Veterinary evaluation includes physical examination, rhinoscopy, imaging such as CT scans or X-rays, and biopsy to confirm malignancy. This thorough approach helps determine tumour extent and guides treatment planning.

Current treatments and outlook in the UK

According to the latest veterinary consensus in 2025, radiotherapy is the standard and most effective treatment for canine nasal tumours, improving quality of life and extending survival. Techniques like intensity-modulated radiotherapy aim to minimise side effects.

Surgery is usually not recommended due to limited survival benefit and the invasive nature of operations, which carry significant risks and discomfort. Chemotherapy protocols, often combined with radiation, may increase response rates and control symptoms.

Newer drugs such as Palladia (toceranib phosphate) might be recommended alongside therapies to help control tumour growth.

Unfortunately, prognosis remains guarded. Untreated dogs may survive only around 3 months, whereas treated dogs with radiotherapy have median survival times between 12 and 18 months. Achieving remission improves outcomes but recurrence is common.

Your vet will also focus on supportive and palliative care to manage pain and symptoms, emphasising the importance of early detection.

Promoting responsible pet ownership and care

Maintaining regular veterinary check-ups, monitoring your dog’s health closely, and seeking advice at early signs of illness are key to combating diseases like nasal tumours. Selecting healthy dogs from reputable breeders helps reduce genetic risks.

While nasal tumours are uncommon, awareness of signs and advances in treatment allow better care and quality of life for affected dogs. Compassionate veterinary support tailored to your dog's needs remains essential.

When to contact your vet

Prompt veterinary assessment is vital if your dog shows persistent nasal symptoms, facial swelling, or breathing difficulties. Early diagnosis can open access to effective treatments and supportive care strategies.

Never ignore symptoms such as bloody nasal discharge or unexplained weight loss in older dogs. Your vet is best placed to guide investigations and management to ensure your dog’s welfare.

Conclusion

Nasal tumours in dogs, though rare, are aggressive conditions requiring swift veterinary intervention. Recognising symptoms early, accessing modern radiotherapy treatments, and supportive care improve outcomes and quality of life.

Responsible ownership, including awareness and timely vet visits, is essential. If you suspect nasal issues in your dog, consult your vet without delay to provide the best possible care and comfort.