Nipping resource guarding signs in the bud with your puppy

One concept familiar to every dog owner is that puppies often get more leeway regarding their behaviour, both from humans and adult dogs. This natural tolerance is understandable since puppies are learning and occasionally push boundaries.

However, failing to address emerging problems early or to set consistent rules from the outset can lead to serious issues later in life. For example, a tiny puppy jumping up in excitement may seem endearing, but encouraging such behaviour can become frustrating or even dangerous as the dog matures.

A particularly concerning problem that can develop early and escalate into a potentially dangerous behavioural issue in adult dogs is resource guarding. This involves a dog taking ownership of items like food or toys and responding aggressively when approached or when someone tries to take the item away.

Addressing resource guarding when your dog is still young is vital. It is much easier to prevent or correct than dealing with an entrenched behaviour pattern later. This guide explores how to recognise early signs of resource guarding in your puppy and practical steps to stop it before it becomes serious.

Early warning signs of resource guarding in puppies

Because puppies are given more behavioural flexibility and resource guarding escalates gradually, spotting early signs can be tricky. However, being aware of what to look out for makes a big difference.

Puppies naturally enjoy playing with their toys and should have a variety of toys they can claim as their own. But watch for signs such as your puppy running away with a toy, especially one they had not been playing with originally, as a means of keeping it from you rather than playing. Other indicators include refusing to drop a toy when asked, growling when you approach, or snapping if someone gets too close.

Your puppy's mealtime behaviour is another area worth observing. If your puppy has never experienced food scarcity or competition, they should not show anxiety or aggression around food. Early warnings include growling when approached during eating, eating more quickly when you are near, or snapping to defend their bowl.

Although any dog can display resource guarding, some breeds, particularly those known for guarding or territorial tendencies, are more predisposed. Examples include the Japanese Akita and the Boerboel.

How to tackle resource guarding before it escalates

Effective intervention requires addressing the issue from multiple angles early on, before it becomes ingrained.

Step 1: Teach the "Leave it" command

Start training your puppy to understand and respond reliably to the "leave it" command. Using treats during training helps build positive associations that giving up an item can lead to a better reward.

Step 2: Respond calmly but firmly to guarding behaviour

If your puppy growls or snaps, respond with a sharp “No!” but avoid giving attention, eye contact, or engaging further until they release the object. Negative attention can inadvertently reinforce guarding.

Step 3: Create positive mealtime experiences

Help your puppy learn that people near their food isn’t a threat. Begin by placing the food bowl at your feet, allowing them to eat while you stand nearby. Gradually increase your interaction by bringing the bowl into your lap for feeding, offering parts of the meal by hand, or adding food in stages to teach that human presence means generosity, not danger.

Step 4: Play trade-up games

Encourage your puppy to willingly give up items by teaching them that handing over a resource results in receiving something more valuable, like a high-value treat or favourite toy. This builds trust and reduces defensiveness.

Step 5: Manage the environment

Feed or provide valued items separately, especially in multi-dog households, to reduce competition and anxiety that can trigger guarding behaviour.

Step 6: Seek professional help if needed

If resource guarding signs persist or escalate, particularly in households with children or large, strong dogs where safety is a concern, contact a professional canine behaviourist. Early professional intervention can prevent dangerous outcomes.

Why early action matters

Resource guarding often stems from insecurity, fear, or past negative experiences—not dominance. Early, patient, and positive training builds a secure relationship and prevents guarding becoming a chronic problem. Consistent management and gentle training can lead to a relaxed, trusting pet who feels safe letting others near their valued resources.

Don’t delay starting these preventative measures as soon as you bring your puppy home. Nipping resource guarding in the bud helps ensure a safer, happier life for both of you.