Non-inflammatory Hereditary Myotonia in Dogs: Symptoms & Care

Non-inflammatory hereditary myotonia in dogs is a genetic condition that disrupts how muscles contract and relax, leading to stiffness and movement difficulties. It primarily affects certain breeds, notably the Chow Chow puppies and Miniature Schnauzer puppies. Understanding this disorder is vital for responsible owners and breeders alike to recognise symptoms early and manage the condition compassionately.

Breeds Most at Risk

This hereditary muscle disorder is most commonly found in the Chow Chow and the Miniature Schnauzer. It is important for potential pet owners and breeders to be aware of the predisposition in these breeds to avoid perpetuating the genetic condition and to ensure responsible breeding practices that prevent passing on the disease.

Recognising Symptoms Early

Dogs suffering from non-inflammatory hereditary myotonia may show the following signs:

• A change in their voice
• Muscle stiffness
• Difficulty breathing
• Challenges in getting up and moving
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Regurgitating food after eating
• Tongue hanging out of the mouth

Symptom severity can vary throughout the day; some dogs show improvement after exercise, while cold weather can exacerbate symptoms. Early recognition enables timely veterinary assessment and management.

Understanding the Causes

At its core, non-inflammatory hereditary myotonia is a genetic disorder, inherited from parents to offspring. However, rare cases occur in older dogs due to exposure to certain herbicides, which can induce a similar muscle condition. Understanding the hereditary nature of this disorder emphasises the importance of DNA testing in breeding programmes.

How Is It Diagnosed?

A veterinarian will conduct a thorough examination and gather a detailed history of symptom onset. Diagnostic tests that typically confirm the condition include:

• Biochemistry profile
• Urinalysis
• Complete blood count
• Creatine kinase enzyme level testing

One unique diagnostic clue is the vet tapping the dog’s tongue, both when awake and under general anaesthetic, which can produce characteristic dimpling indicative of myotonia. Electromyography (EMG) may also be employed to detect myotonic muscle activity.

Current Treatment Options

Currently, there is no cure for non-inflammatory hereditary myotonia. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms such as muscle stiffness and vomiting. Certain veterinary medications can help ease these symptoms, though they do not alter the distinctive gait or muscle issues caused by the condition. Veterinary guidance is essential to tailor supportive care for each dog’s needs.

Testing Breeding Dogs for Myotonia

Thanks to advances in veterinary genetics, DNA testing is available for at-risk breeds to identify affected dogs and carriers of the myotonia gene. Responsible breeders should avoid using carriers for breeding to prevent spreading this debilitating disorder to future generations.

Living with a Dog Diagnosed with Myotonia

Dogs diagnosed with this condition benefit from a calm lifestyle avoiding strenuous exercise which can worsen their symptoms. Owners should work closely with their vet to manage their dog’s wellbeing and provide supportive care. Despite the challenges, compassionate care and monitoring can improve affected dogs’ quality of life.

Why Is Responsible Breeding Important?

Because non-inflammatory hereditary myotonia is a genetic disease, ethical breeding practices utilizing DNA testing are key to reducing its occurrence. Prospective dog owners should seek reputable breeders who test their breeding stock to help ensure they provide healthy puppies free from this condition.