Old English Sheepdog Health: Hereditary Issues & Testing

The Old English Sheepdog puppies are instantly recognisable, often known as “The Dulux dog” from popular paint adverts. This large UK-developed herding breed is famous for its long, thick double coat, which is water-resistant and requires significant daily grooming to prevent matting and to keep the dog comfortable and healthy. Puppies are born black and white and develop their mature coat colour with age.

Adult Old English Sheepdogs stand up to 24" tall and can weigh up to 46kg, with males typically being larger. They have a gentle, rolling gait and a calm disposition.

If you're considering adding one to your family, it's essential to understand their potential hereditary health challenges and the health testing recommended to protect both your pet and the breed.

Average Lifespan and Genetic Diversity

The average lifespan of Old English Sheepdogs is approximately 10-11 years. Compared to similarly sized breeds, their lifespan is somewhat shorter, highlighting the importance of awareness regarding health concerns. The breed has a relatively high inbreeding coefficient of around 9.7%, where the ideal inbreeding level is below 6.25%. This level of inbreeding can increase the risk of genetic health problems. Responsible breeders strive to minimise inbreeding and maintain genetic diversity to promote healthier dogs.

Common Hereditary Health Conditions

Old English Sheepdogs are predisposed to several inherited conditions that can affect their quality of life if not managed properly:

• Multiocular Defect (MOD): A dominant genetic ocular disease caused by a mutation in the COL11A1 gene, affecting various parts of the eye and potentially leading to visual impairment.
• Hip Dysplasia: A hereditary joint condition causing lameness and arthritis, notable in the breed, with an average hip score of 11.3. Dogs with scores above this are typically not recommended for breeding.
• Cerebellar Abiotrophy (Hereditary Ataxia): Neurodegenerative condition causing loss of coordination and balance due to cerebellar cell loss.
• Congenital Deafness: Linked to coat colour genes such as piebald or merle, deafness may be in one or both ears. While not affecting general health, deaf dogs require special care and are generally excluded from breeding.
• Cataracts and Progressive Retinal Atrophy: Eye conditions affecting older dogs that can lead to vision loss but may be treatable surgically.
• Portosystemic Shunt: Blood circulatory issue causing toxins to bypass the liver.
• Immune-Mediated Disorders: Such as haemolytic anaemia, which affects red blood cells, and uveodermatological syndrome causing blindness.
• Entropion and Distichiasis: Eyelid and eyelash disorders causing irritation and pain.
• Rest of Known Conditions: Include osteochondrosis of the shoulder (especially males), urinary incontinence in early spayed females, bladder stones, various cancers in old age, and deafness.

Health Testing and Responsible Breeding

The British Veterinary Association and The Kennel Club emphasise the importance of pre-breeding health testing to reduce hereditary diseases in the Old English Sheepdog. Recommended tests include:

• Hip scores evaluated preferably before breeding, to avoid passing on dysplasia.
• Annual eye tests for hereditary cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, and multi-ocular defects.
• DNA testing for cerebellar degeneration (hereditary ataxia), multi-drug resistance (MDR1 gene), and primary ciliary dyskinesia.
• Hearing tests to assess congenital deafness.

By choosing dogs that are cleared through these tests and avoiding breeding affected or carrier individuals, breeders can contribute to improving the overall health of the breed. Owners are encouraged to seek puppies from reputable breeders who adhere to these health screening protocols.

Grooming and Care

Maintaining the Old English Sheepdog’s coat is labour-intensive but vital for the dog's well-being. Regular daily brushing prevents matting, which can cause discomfort and mobility issues. Additionally, the hair around the eyes should be trimmed or tied back to ensure clear vision. This coat care routine supports skin health and helps mitigate issues like infections and irritations common in dense-coated breeds.

Conclusion: Promoting Health and Longevity in Old English Sheepdogs

The Old English Sheepdog is a charming, gentle breed that requires informed ownership. Understanding their hereditary health risks and supporting responsible breeding through recommended health testing fosters better lives for these dogs. Regular veterinary care and diligent grooming remain essential to their welfare. Should you seek to find an Old English Sheepdog puppy, prioritise reputable breeders committed to health screening and breed preservation, ensuring a happy, healthy companion for years to come.