Oligodendroglioma in Dogs: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Oligodendroglioma in dogs is a common type of brain tumour originating from cells called oligodendrocytes. This tumour destroys surrounding brain tissue as it grows, leading to serious neurological effects. Brachycephalic breeds such as the French Bulldog puppies, Boxers, and Boston Terriers are particularly predisposed to this condition, with the French Bulldog representing a significant percentage of cases.

Breeds Most at Risk

Some breeds are more susceptible to developing oligodendroglioma. These include:

• English Bulldog puppies
• Boston Terrier puppies
• Boxer puppies
• French Bulldog puppies
• Golden Retriever puppies
• Dobermann puppies
• Scottish Terrier puppies
• Old English Sheepdog puppies

Tumours usually develop in the frontal and temporal lobes, as well as the thalamus and adjacent areas of the brain. In some cases, they can spread to the ventricular system, impacting the brainstem, eyes, and spinal cord. Secondary tumours and other aggressive cancers may also coexist.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

Neurological symptoms often develop rapidly once the tumour grows. Watch for:

• Ataxia (uncoordinated movements)
• Abnormal body movements
• Loss of senses
• Seizures
• Cognitive dysfunction

Diagnosing the Condition

Veterinarians use several diagnostic tools, including:

• CT or MRI scans – MRI is preferred for detailed brain imaging
• Biopsy of tumours
• Histopathological analysis to study tumour cells

These tests also help to differentiate oligodendroglioma from other brain tumours like astrocytoma or lymphoma. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment planning.

Treatment Options for Oligodendroglioma

While oligodendroglioma is currently treatable but not curable, the goal is to extend life while maintaining good quality of life. Treatment typically includes:

• Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to control tumour growth
• Medications such as anti-convulsants to manage seizures
• Pain relief medication
• Drugs to reduce intracranial pressure caused by the tumour

Surgical removal is rarely an option unless tumour location allows safe excision. Treatment plans are tailored to each dog’s condition and response.

Prognosis and Ongoing Care

The prognosis depends on tumour location and how early treatment begins. Untreated oligodendroglioma carries a poor outlook, but early diagnosis followed by appropriate therapy can improve survival times and quality of life. Careful monitoring and veterinary check-ups are vital to manage symptoms and adjust treatment as needed.

Promoting Responsible Ownership

Owners of at-risk breeds should be vigilant for neurological changes and seek veterinary advice promptly. Ethical breeding practices prioritise health screening to reduce the incidence of genetic conditions like oligodendroglioma. Educating pet owners about symptoms and available treatments supports better outcomes and welfare for affected dogs.

Common Questions about Oligodendroglioma in Dogs

What causes oligodendroglioma in dogs?

Oligodendrogliomas arise from abnormal growth of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the brain, though the exact cause remains unclear. Genetic predisposition is suspected, especially in brachycephalic breeds.

How is oligodendroglioma diagnosed?

MRI scans provide detailed images of brain tumours and are the preferred diagnostic tool. Biopsy and histopathology confirm tumour type.

Can oligodendroglioma be cured?

Currently, oligodendroglioma is treatable but not curable. The focus is on managing clinical signs and extending life quality.

What should I do if my dog shows signs of neurological problems?

If you notice seizures, loss of coordination, or other neurological symptoms, seek veterinary assessment promptly to investigate possible causes, including tumours.

Are some breeds more at risk than others?

Yes, brachycephalic breeds such as the French Bulldog, Boxer, and Boston Terrier have a significantly higher risk compared to others.