Otitis Media and Otitis Interna in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Care

Otitis media and otitis interna are inflammatory conditions affecting the middle and inner ear of dogs respectively. Both can cause discomfort and serious complications if untreated, often arising from bacterial infections. Dogs with long, floppy ears or dense ear hair, such as Cocker Spaniels, Labrador Retrievers, and Springer Spaniels, are more vulnerable to these infections.

Breeds Most at Risk and Why

Certain breeds are predisposed to ear infections including otitis media and interna due to the shape and structure of their ears. Dogs like Cocker Spaniel puppies, Labrador Retriever puppies, and Springer Spaniels have long, floppy ears that can trap moisture and debris, creating ideal conditions for infection. Responsible ownership, including regular ear checks, helps reduce their risk.

Recognising Symptoms Early

The symptoms of otitis media and interna vary based on infection severity. Early signs can be subtle, but vigilant owners may notice behaviours such as:

• Pain opening the mouth or reluctance to chew
• Repeated shaking or tilting of the head
• Pawing or scratching at one ear
• Balance issues like leaning or wobbliness
• Ear redness, discharge, or swelling
• In severe cases, signs include vomiting, pupil size differences, deafness, or paralysis

Prompt veterinary attention is crucial when these symptoms appear to prevent lasting damage.

Understanding Causes Beyond Bacteria

While bacterial infections are the primary cause of otitis media and interna, other factors can contribute, including:

• Fungal infections like Aspergillus
• Ear mites irritating the ear canal
• Malassezia yeast overgrowth
• Foreign objects lodged in the ear
• Physical trauma to the ear
• Tumours or polyps obstructing the ear canal

Proper diagnosis by a vet is essential to identify the specific cause and guide treatment.

Accurate Diagnosis is Key

A vet will conduct a thorough examination to determine whether a dog has otitis media or interna. This often involves otoscopic inspection and may include a technique called myringotomy, where fluid is gently extracted from the middle ear for testing. Additional diagnostics such as MRI or CT scans, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis might be recommended to assess infection spread and rule out complications.

Effective Treatment Options

Treatment depends on infection severity. For milder cases, outpatient antimicrobial therapy combined with ear cleaning may suffice, but it's vital to complete the full course of antibiotics. Severe infections often require hospitalisation, intensive care, and sometimes surgery to drain the ear if infections recur or worsen. Anti-inflammatory medications may also be prescribed to ease swelling and pain.

Managing Life Post-Diagnosis

After treatment, diligent follow-up is important. Typically, a vet will schedule reassessments around two weeks post-treatment to monitor progress and adjust medications if necessary. Regular ear inspections and cleaning at home can help prevent recurrence and keep your dog comfortable.

Prevention Through Careful Maintenance

Preventing otitis media and interna starts with regular ear hygiene — but balance is key. Over-cleaning can damage the ear canal, so use gentle, vet-recommended methods and products only. Maintaining dry, clean ears and promptly addressing any symptoms ensures your dog stays healthy and happy.

Why Do Dogs Get Otitis Media and Interna?

Quick Answer: Otitis media and interna usually develop from bacterial infections often starting in the outer ear. They may also be caused by fungi, mites, trauma, foreign bodies, or growths that irritate or infect the ear structures.

These infections cause inflammation in the middle (otitis media) or inner ear (otitis interna), potentially leading to pain, balance issues, and even neurological symptoms if untreated. Dogs with anatomical predispositions such as floppy ears or excess ear hair are at higher risk, so regular ear care is important to prevent infections from spreading.

How Is Otitis Media Distinguished from Otitis Interna?

Quick Answer: Otitis media affects the middle ear space and often causes ear pain and mild neurological signs, while otitis interna involves the inner ear leading to more severe neurological symptoms like loss of balance and hearing.

Veterinary diagnosis typically involves physical examination, otoscopy, fluid analysis, and sometimes imaging. Treatment differs as otitis interna often requires more aggressive management due to risk of spread to the brain. Both conditions require prompt veterinary care to ensure the best recovery.