Oxalate Nephropathy in Tibetan Terriers: Causes & Care
Many dog breeds, including the Tibetan Terrier, can develop urinary and kidney stones, with calcium oxalate stones being a common and challenging type. These stones form when high levels of calcium oxalate in the urine crystallise and accumulate, sometimes developing specifically in the kidneys, a condition known as nephrolithiasis or oxalate nephropathy.
Why Tibetan Terriers and Similar Breeds Develop Calcium Oxalate Stones
Calcium oxalate is usually present in small amounts in dog urine. Problems arise when these levels increase, causing crystals to form and layer into stones. The precise reasons behind crystal formation are not fully understood, but factors such as acid urine pH and possibly genetic predispositions play a role. Research suggests that diet and breed are significant contributors, with smaller breeds, including Tibetan Terriers, being particularly prone to this condition.
Recognising the Signs of Kidney Stones in Dogs
The symptoms depend on where stones are located in the urinary tract and can vary widely among dogs. Common signs may include:
- Reduced urine volume each time a dog urinates
- Prolonged standing or straining when attempting to urinate
- Increased frequency of urination
- Excessive licking of the genital area
- Pinkish urine indicating the presence of blood
Noticing these symptoms early and seeking veterinary advice promptly can lead to better outcomes.
Other Small Breeds Prone to Oxalate Stones
Alongside Tibetan Terriers, several small and toy breeds have a higher risk of developing calcium oxalate stones. These include:
- Bichon Frise
- Miniature Schnauzer
- Lhasa Apso
- Shih Tzu
- Pomeranian
- Cairn Terrier
- Yorkshire Terrier
- Maltese
- Keeshond
Understanding breed-specific risks helps owners and vets focus on preventive care and early detection.
Diagnosis: How Vets Confirm Oxalate Nephropathy
Veterinarians will take a detailed medical history and perform a thorough abdominal and bladder examination. To confirm the diagnosis, the following tests are commonly used:
- X-rays to detect stones in the urinary tract
- Urinalysis to assess urine pH and check for crystals or blood
- Blood tests to evaluate kidney function and overall health
Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing the condition effectively.
Treatment Strategies for Calcium Oxalate Stones
Calcium oxalate stones cannot be dissolved medically. In some cases, vets may perform urohydropropulsion, a non-surgical procedure to flush out bladder stones. If this is not possible or stones are large, surgical removal under general anaesthetic may be necessary. Laser surgery is an option but is often costly. When stones form in the kidneys, surgery is usually avoided to prevent further kidney damage.
It is important to note that dogs prone to oxalate stones may experience recurrent episodes even after treatment.
Caring for Your Dog After Treatment
Following treatment, dogs require careful management and regular veterinary check-ups to monitor urine quality and kidney health. Owners should ensure their dog has constant access to fresh, clean water to help flush the urinary tract. Dietary adjustments recommended by the vet often aim to maintain a healthy urinary pH balance. Feeding smaller, more frequent meals can aid in stabilising urine pH and reducing stone formation risk.
Responsible and attentive care is essential to helping dogs live comfortably after an oxalate stone diagnosis.
