Pekingese hereditary health and recommended testing

The Pekingese dog, sometimes called the Peking lion dog, is a charming Chinese breed with an ancient history. Once cherished by Imperial royalty and Buddhist monks, today they are beloved lapdogs and companions worldwide.

Pekingese stand up to 9 inches tall at the withers and weigh up to 6.4 kg but are often smaller. Their distinct look includes a brachycephalic (flat) face, large prominent eyes, and a compact body close to the ground. Their long, fluffy coat comes in many colours, most commonly gold, sable, or red, requiring regular grooming including brushing and occasional bathing.

If considering finding a Pekingese puppy, it's crucial to research the breed's hereditary health concerns, lifespan, and health screening recommended for breeders. This guide explores these topics with a focus on responsible pet ownership and breeding.

Pekingese longevity and health

The average lifespan of a Pekingese is approximately 11.4 years, slightly below many comparable small breeds. This lower lifespan relates to predispositions in the breed for certain hereditary conditions that can affect their quality of life and longevity.

Genetic diversity and inbreeding concerns

The breed's coefficient of inbreeding is around 8.1%, a bit above the preferred level of 6.25% or lower for pedigree dogs. While some inbreeding is unavoidable for maintaining breed lines, breeders should strive to reduce inbreeding to promote genetic health and reduce inherited diseases.

Common conformation and health challenges

• Brachycephalic facial structure, causing breathing issues and heat intolerance in warm weather.
• Prominent eyes prone to injuries and conditions like progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), causing vision loss.
• Stenotic nares, contributing to breathing difficulties.
• Heat sensitivity due to the combination of a heavy coat and short muzzle.
• Birthing difficulties, with many requiring veterinary assistance.
• Jaw and mouth deformities affecting eating and oral health.
• Intertrigo, an irritating skin condition affecting facial folds.
• Hemivertebrae-related spinal disorders causing discomfort or limb weakness due to their curled tails.

Recommended health testing for Pekingese

The British Veterinary Association and The Kennel Club recognise the Pekingese as a breed with significant health challenges. Responsible breeders conduct health testing to safeguard future generations.

Key genetic tests include:

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) testing to detect potential blindness risks.
• Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) screening through DNA tests identifying the SOD1 gene mutation, informing breeder decisions.
• Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) risk assessments linked to spinal abnormalities.
• Cardiac evaluations by veterinary cardiologists to detect heart issues such as mitral valve disease.

These tests classify dogs as clear, carriers, or at risk, enabling breeders to avoid mating two carriers and reduce inherited disease prevalence.

Other health concerns without specific tests

• Pyloric stenosis causing digestive intolerance.
• Mitral valve disease potentially leading to heart failure.
• Patellar luxation, causing kneecap dislocation.
• Entropion and distichiasis affecting eyelids and eyelashes, causing eye irritation.
• Dry eye and glaucoma, impacting eye health.
• Corneal ulcers and other ocular issues.
• Cryptorchidism in males where testicles fail to descend.
• Cancers, with perianal gland tumours common in Pekingese.

Promoting responsible Pekingese ownership

When seeking a Pekingese puppy, ask breeders for health clearances and genetic test results. Responsible breeding practices minimise health problems in offspring and contribute to a happier, healthier pet.

Regular veterinary care, appropriate diet, and environmental management to avoid overheating are essential parts of Pekingese ownership, given the breed's health predispositions.

FAQs: What to ask when buying a Pekingese puppy

What health tests should a reputable Pekingese breeder provide?

They should provide proof of DNA testing for PRA and DM, evaluations for cardiac health, and confirmation of no excessive inbreeding.

How can I reduce the chances of inherited conditions in my Pekingese?

Choose puppies from breeders conducting comprehensive health screenings, and maintain regular veterinary check-ups throughout the dog's life.

Is the Pekingese suitable for families?

Pekingese can make affectionate companions but need careful monitoring for health issues. Their suitability depends on owners willing to meet their specific care requirements.

Understanding these hereditary health factors and the importance of testing helps ensure you can provide a long, happy life for your Pekingese.