Common Anal Gland Problems in Dogs: Symptoms and Solutions

Most dog owners recognise the distinctive behaviour of a dog scooting along the ground, dragging its rear end across the floor. This often signals discomfort that can be due to either a worm infestation needing prompt treatment, or issues with the dog's anal glands. Anal gland problems can cause significant discomfort and affect your dog’s wellbeing, so understanding their causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for responsible dog ownership.

This guide explains the most common anal gland problems in dogs, helping you identify signs early and take appropriate action. We cover impaction, infections, abscesses, ruptures, and prevention tips to keep your dog comfortable and healthy.

Understanding the Anal Glands in Dogs

Dogs have two small anal glands located on either side of the anus. These scent glands play an important role in canine communication by releasing odorous secretions when a dog defecates. Normally, the anal glands empty naturally during bowel movements, so most owners rarely need to pay attention to them.

Puppies and adult dogs alike can experience problems if these glands become blocked or infected. Anal gland issues cause swelling, pain, and irritation in the area around the anus, leading to behaviours such as scooting, excessive licking, or biting of the rear end as dogs try to relieve discomfort.

1. Anal Gland Impaction

Impaction is the most common issue affecting these glands. It occurs when the fluid inside the anal glands thickens and is unable to be naturally expelled. This results in build-up inside the glands, causing pressure and discomfort.

Impacted glands may be visible as swelling near the anus and often cause dogs to drag their rear on the floor. The problem can be resolved by expressing the anal glands manually, a procedure that can be performed by a vet or, with training, at home. Preventing impaction includes feeding a high-fibre diet to produce firm stools, which naturally expresses the glands during defecation.

2. Sacculitis (Anal Gland Infection)

Sacculitis is inflammation of the anal gland caused by bacterial infection, typically a progression from untreated impaction. The glands and surrounding tissue become sore, swollen, and painful. Dogs may show increased discomfort, licking, or may yelp when the area is touched.

Treatment requires professional veterinary intervention, including expressing the glands to remove the infected fluid and a course of antibiotics to clear the infection. A saline flush may be used to clean debris within the glands.

3. Abscess Formation

If sacculitis is left untreated, an abscess can form within the anal gland. This painful collection of pus causes significant swelling and soreness. Dogs with abscesses often become irritable, may bulk up their rear end, and show distress during bowel movements.

Abscesses are a serious health concern and require urgent veterinary attention. The vet will drain the abscess, clean the area, and administer antibiotics. Leaving abscesses untreated can lead to systemic infection or blood poisoning, which endangers the dog's health.

4. Anal Gland Rupture

A ruptured anal gland occurs when an abscess bursts through the skin near the anus, releasing pus, blood, and foul-smelling fluid. Although this relieves pressure and pain temporarily, the open wound exposes the area to further infection and remains very painful.

Veterinary treatment includes surgical cleaning, wound care, and antibiotics. Healing can take time, and such cases are more expensive to treat than earlier intervention. Preventing rupture by recognising and treating problems early is far better for your dog's comfort and safety.

5. Prevention and Responsible Care

Preventing anal gland problems involves understanding your dog’s individual needs and anatomy. Feeding a diet rich in fibre to encourage firm stools is helpful. Regular exercise also supports digestive health.

Some breeds, including Bulldogs, Beagles, and Poodles, are more prone to anal gland issues due to their anatomy. For these dogs, regular veterinary check-ups and occasional gland expression may be necessary. Always seek advice from your vet about the best care plan for your pet.

Never attempt to express the glands without proper guidance, as improper handling can cause damage or infection. If your dog displays any signs of anal discomfort such as scooting, licking or swelling near the anus, consult your vet promptly.

Summary and Next Steps

Anal gland problems in dogs can range from minor discomfort to serious health issues, including infections and abscesses. Prompt recognition of symptoms like scooting, licking, and swelling, followed by professional veterinary treatment, is crucial for your dog's wellbeing.

Maintaining a healthy diet, adequate exercise, and regular veterinary care helps prevent recurring anal gland problems. Responsible dog ownership means staying attentive to these signs and acting early to avoid escalation.

If you’re considering bringing a new dog into your family, adopt from reputable breeders or adoption centres to ensure the best health and welfare for your pet.

Your vet is your best resource for advice and treatment regarding anal gland issues. Early intervention can save your dog unnecessary pain and costly medical procedures.