Pyloric stenosis in Maltese dogs: symptoms & treatment guide

Maltese dogs are known for their small size, adorable fluffy white coats and affectionate nature, placing them among the beloved toy dog breeds recognised by the Kennel Club. They adapt well to smaller homes and shed very little, making them ideal companions, especially for first-time dog owners.

Despite their many appealing qualities and popularity—they rank as the 28th most popular breed in the UK—Maltese dogs are predisposed to certain hereditary health issues. One significant condition to be aware of is pyloric stenosis. In this guide, we explore the condition in detail, covering what it is, how it impacts Maltese dogs, and advice on treatment and responsible breeding.

What is pyloric stenosis in Maltese dogs?

Pyloric stenosis is a congenital defect characterised by the narrowing of the pylorus—the passage connecting the stomach to the small intestine. This narrowing results from thickening of the pyloric muscle, restricting the flow of food from the stomach to the intestines, causing poor digestion and frequent vomiting shortly after eating.

Because food cannot pass properly, these dogs often vomit, triggering their natural vomiting reflex as the stomach cannot empty effectively. This condition leads to malnutrition and persistent hunger and raises the risk of aspirating vomit into the lungs, which can cause further health complications.

Which dogs are at risk?

Pyloric stenosis is inherited genetically, meaning only dogs with the condition passed from their parents are affected. The Maltese breed is notably at higher risk, along with some other small breeds. Both males and females are equally likely to be affected, with signs typically emerging early in life, often as puppies shift from milk to solid food.

Some dogs may show mild or occasional symptoms if the narrowing is less severe, meaning diagnosis sometimes occurs later in a dog’s life.

Signs and symptoms of pyloric stenosis in Maltese dogs

The hallmark sign of pyloric stenosis is persistent vomiting shortly after meals—often within an hour. In puppies, consistent vomiting after most or all meals strongly suggests the condition.

In addition to vomiting, affected pups often struggle to gain weight or may lose weight, appearing generally unwell or failing to thrive. If you notice these symptoms, it's essential to consult your vet promptly for diagnosis and care.

Diagnosis includes physical exams, symptom review, and specific tests such as endoscopy or imaging studies like X-rays with contrast, to assess the pyloric anatomy effectively.

Treatment and management options

The treatment depends on severity. Surgery to widen the pyloric canal is the most common and effective approach, typically resulting in normal digestion and stopping vomiting.

If surgery isn't feasible, management may include careful dietary adjustments such as feeding easily digestible, low-fat diets to reduce digestive strain. Fluid therapy may be necessary to treat dehydration resulting from vomiting.

Dogs that undergo surgery generally require lifelong careful feeding and regular veterinary check-ups to monitor their condition.

Understanding hereditary factors and responsible breeding

Pyloric stenosis is largely genetic, so responsible breeding plays a crucial role in reducing its prevalence.

• Genetic screening: Breeders should screen for conditions, including pyloric stenosis, before breeding.
• Health assessments: Regular veterinary checks for breeding stock help identify those unaffected by the condition.
• Selective breeding: Choosing dogs with normal pyloric anatomy for reproduction reduces the risk of passing on this defect.

Potential buyers and breeders should seek out reputable breeders who prioritise health and transparency regarding hereditary diseases.

Ongoing care and monitoring

If your Maltese dog is diagnosed and treated for pyloric stenosis, ongoing management is vital. Maintain a high-quality, easily digestible diet, follow your vet’s advice on exercise and feeding routines, and attend regular check-ups to ensure no recurrence or complications.

Conclusion

Pyloric stenosis is a serious but manageable condition affecting Maltese dogs mainly due to hereditary factors. Early detection, professional treatment, and responsible breeding are key to ensuring affected dogs can live healthy, happy lives. If you're considering getting a Maltese puppy, understanding these risks and working with conscientious breeders will help you provide the best care for your new companion.