Rabbit Nutrition: 8 Essential FAQs Answered

1. My rabbit doesn’t like commercial rabbit food, what should I do?

If you are feeding a muesli type mix, it is better to change this to a complete pelleted food. Rabbits often pick out favourite parts in muesli mixes, leaving others uneaten, which can cause nutritional imbalance and dental problems. Research at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies in Edinburgh found a link between muesli foods and serious digestive and dental issues in rabbits. As Professor Anna Meredith explains, "Vets have suspected for years that muesli-style foods may cause health issues in rabbits, and now we have proof."

Stop offering muesli foods and instead provide a small portion of pelleted food – about 1 tablespoon daily for rabbits under 3.5kg, slightly more for larger rabbits. At least 80% of your rabbit's daily calories should come from good quality hay, which should be freely available for grazing throughout the day. A handful of fresh, suitable green vegetables in the morning and evening is also recommended.

2. My rabbit has lost his appetite, how can I encourage him to eat?

If your rabbit shows little interest in food overall – not just a preference for certain types – it’s important to have him examined by a vet. Dental problems are common in rabbits, especially those fed muesli mixes and limited hay. Rabbit teeth grow continuously and may require trimming if not naturally worn. While recovering from dental issues, offering finely cut or grated vegetables or herbs such as parsley can help. Serve small amounts frequently and encourage hay consumption.

Remember, adequate food intake is critical, as rabbits can develop gastric stasis, a potentially fatal condition where digestion slows or stops. This causes harmful bacteria buildup, gas, painful bloating, and possible liver damage.

3. Is it true that rabbits eat their faeces?

Yes, rabbits produce caecotrophs – a special type of soft faeces rich in nutrients, formed by friendly gut flora from fermentable fibre in their diet. Rabbits generally eat these directly from their bottom, often at night or during quiet periods. You typically won’t see them around the hutch. If you notice caecotrophs left uneaten or stuck to your rabbit, consult a vet. Rabbits also produce hard, dry droppings which are not eaten.

4. My rabbit exercises freely in our secure garden, but I’m worried about poisonous plants. Which plants are toxic to rabbits?

Many common UK plants pose risks to rabbits. The safest exercise option is a large fenced run on safe lawn. Toxic plants include amaryllis, bindweed, bracken, foxglove, laburnum, yew, lily-of-the-valley, lupin, oak leaves, privet, ragwort, rhubarb leaves, and most evergreens.

Safety tip: Even in a seemingly safe enclosure, plant debris can fall or be blown in by wind. Check the run daily and avoid placing it near poisonous trees like laburnum.

5. What fruit and vegetables can I safely feed my rabbit?

Dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, mustard greens, and chard provide essential nutrients. Wild plants like dandelion and dock leaves are fine, too. Avoid overfeeding vegetables, as too much can cause diarrhoea or excess stool. Always ensure vegetables and salad leaves are pesticide-free and well-washed. Carrots are popular but should be treats in moderation due to their sugar.

Some fruits are safe in small amounts: strawberries, apples, pears, and plums make good treats. Fresh fruit offers a nutritious alternative to many commercial rabbit treats, but pick those without added sugar or honey.

6. My rabbit has diarrhoea, what should I feed to firm him up?

If your rabbit has diarrhoea, get a veterinary check promptly. Rabbits are vulnerable to fly-strike, particularly in warmer months. Treat the underlying cause rather than masking symptoms. Causes can range from excessive vegetable or fruit intake to infections.

Prevent dehydration by following vet advice and using recommended rehydration products if needed. While recovering, withhold greens and offer only hay. You can make "hay tea" by steeping hay in boiling water, letting it cool, and adding to the water bottle. A vet may also suggest probiotics to restore gut flora.

7. Why is my rabbit drinking more than usual?

Rabbits typically drink 50–150 ml of water per kg of body weight daily, depending on moisture in their food. Rabbits eating more fresh foods like grass may drink less, while those consuming less fresh food drink more. Increased thirst may be due to less fresh food, more exercise, or warmer weather.

However, increased drinking can also indicate health problems like kidney disease, liver disease, or diabetes. Excessive thirst usually accompanies increased urination. If you notice these signs, consult your vet for diagnosis and treatment.

8. My rabbit is overweight, how can I help him slim down?

Always seek veterinary advice for safe weight loss. Rapid calorie reduction can cause hepatic lipidosis, a fatal fatty liver condition. Weight loss should be gradual, balancing calorie intake and energy use.

Encourage increased activity by giving more access to runs and offering interactive toys. Review the diet: reduce pelleted food, especially if alfalfa-based, and slowly switch to timothy grass-based pellets. Stop commercial treats, especially sugary or fatty ones. Substitute fruits with more leafy greens and maintain unlimited access to good quality hay.