Raine syndrome DNA testing guide for Border Collies

The Border Collie is known as one of the smartest working dog breeds worldwide, admired for its remarkable intelligence, agility, and strong herding instincts. Their quick learning ability and endurance make them exceptional working dogs as well as engaging, active pets. However, to keep this breed healthy and thriving, responsible breeding practices and awareness of hereditary conditions like Raine syndrome are crucial.

Raine syndrome is a genetic health concern specific to Border Collies, potentially causing serious skeletal and dental issues in affected dogs. Understanding the disorder, its inheritance, and available DNA testing is essential for any breeder or owner to ensure healthy puppies and maintain breed health.

Understanding Raine Syndrome in Border Collies

Raine syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FAM20C gene, primarily affecting the dog's teeth and sometimes the skeletal system. Puppies with two copies of the defective gene inherit the condition, which often manifests early in life through significant dental problems such as brown discoloured, smooth enamel; cracked or worn teeth exposing the dental pulp, which can cause pain and inflammation. Some dogs may also face skeletal abnormalities that impact their quality of life. While severe cases may be fatal shortly after birth, others may survive into adulthood but require ongoing dental care and management to ease pain and prevent complications.

Because dogs with one copy of the mutation (carriers) show no symptoms, the disease can unknowingly be passed on through breeding unless parent dogs are tested to reveal their genetic status.

How Raine Syndrome Is Inherited and Predicted in Litters

Raine syndrome is inherited via an autosomal recessive pattern. This means that a puppy must inherit one mutated gene from each parent to be affected, while carriers have one mutated and one normal gene and remain symptom-free.

• If two affected dogs are bred, all puppies will inherit Raine syndrome, which is rare due to its severity.
• Breeding two clear dogs results in only clear puppies, free of the mutation.
• Breeding two carriers may produce 25% affected puppies, 50% carriers, and 25% clear puppies.
• Affected and clear parents produce only carrier puppies.
• Breeding a carrier with a clear dog yields half carrier and half clear puppies.
• An affected dog bred with a carrier produces half affected and half carrier puppies.

Knowing the Raine syndrome status of parent dogs through DNA testing empowers breeders to make informed mating choices, preventing the birth of affected puppies and promoting healthier lines.

How to Obtain a Raine Syndrome DNA Test for Your Border Collie in the UK

To test your Border Collie for Raine syndrome, the most common method is via a simple mouth swab that collects DNA. This sample can be taken by your vet or by breeders and owners themselves after puppies are old enough to avoid contamination.

Approved genetics laboratories in the UK, such as those affiliated with the Kennel Club, Laboklin, and Eurovetgene, offer reliable testing services. The Kennel Club even provides combined DNA testing packages covering several hereditary conditions including Raine syndrome. Results are generally available within one to three weeks and classify dogs as clear, carrier, or affected.

Costs vary, but the Kennel Club package is competitively priced around £150, including results reporting and breeder support. Home sample kits add convenience by reducing vet visits.

Testing is a crucial step towards responsible breeding, helping to reduce Raine syndrome's incidence and ensuring healthier future generations of this beloved breed.

Summary and Responsible Breeding Recommendations

Raine syndrome is a serious inherited disorder in Border Collies that primarily impacts dental health with potential skeletal effects. Testing for this condition through approved DNA tests in the UK is essential for breeders to identify carriers and avoid breeding affected puppies. While affected Border Collies may suffer greatly, carriers remain healthy but can pass the gene on unknowingly.

Employing DNA testing for Raine syndrome, alongside other health screenings, forms the foundation of ethical breeding practices. It ensures the vitality of the breed, reduces suffering, and supports the amazing working and sporting qualities Border Collies are known for. Always consult your vet or a reputable Border Collie breeder for guidance on health testing and responsible ownership.