Rats - Bucks or Does? Choosing Your Pet Rat
If you're considering keeping rats as pets, you'll need to decide whether to have males, known as ‘bucks’, or females, called ‘does’.
Both sexes can make wonderful companions, each with their unique characteristics and care needs. This guide explores typical differences between bucks and does to help you choose the right pet for your lifestyle, while emphasising responsible ownership and attentive care.
1. Characteristics of Bucks (Male Rats)
Bucks are generally larger than does, often nearly twice the size of smaller females. Their fur tends to be coarser and may sometimes look a bit unkempt. Male rats occasionally emit a musky odour, especially if territorial marking occurs.
Speaking of marking, bucks are more likely to mark their territory with urine and droppings. While this behaviour can produce a musky smell if unchecked, providing a spacious cage, regular cleaning, and limiting the number of males to prevent stress will usually control it.
Despite this, bucks are often very social and tend to be clingy yet lazy pets. Many enjoy sitting quietly on an owner's lap, happily relaxing for extended periods. However, high hormone levels can sometimes trigger aggression toward cage mates; neutering can often calm this behaviour.
2. Characteristics of Does (Female Rats)
Does are smaller and have smoother, softer fur that feels pleasant to stroke, often preferred for younger or more sensitive owners.
Female rats are generally more active, agile, and curious compared to bucks. They love to explore and can navigate climbing toys and obstacles with impressive skill.
Unlike bucks, does tend to be more independent and less inclined to sit still for long periods. They need plenty of stimulation and out-of-cage time to satisfy their energetic nature.
One important consideration is health: female rats have a higher risk of developing mammary tumours, with some studies suggesting incidence rates of up to 50%. Early veterinary checks and prompt attention to any lumps are vital to managing this risk responsibly.
Female rats come into heat approximately every five days for around 12 hours, which is why it’s essential only to house rats of the same sex together unless properly prepared for breeding. Breeding should only be attempted by experienced owners equipped for the responsibility.
3. How to Tell Male and Female Rats Apart
Sexing rats is straightforward. Female rats have nipples visible on their undersides, whereas males do not. Simply and carefully examine a rat's belly to identify nipples clearly. If still unsure, males develop prominent testicles that become evident by six weeks old, making sex identification easy.
4. Understanding Aggression and Biting
A common misconception is that male rats are aggressive toward humans. In fact, bucks rarely show aggression to people, perhaps giving a curious nip occasionally but generally gentle and sociable.
Aggression among male rats typically arises from territory disputes or hormonal imbalances, with warning signs including puffed fur, hissing, and erratic movements. Avoid handling a rat displaying these behaviours to prevent bites.
Female rats’ behaviour can be less predictable. While biting without warning is uncommon, does are more prone to biting if stressed or if pregnant and protective of their young. Observing body language and giving the rat space during these times helps maintain trust and safety.
5. What Type of Rat Is Best for You?
Bucks make great pets for owners who enjoy close, relaxed interaction. Many owners find male rats affectionate lap pets, enjoying quiet companionship like watching television together.
Does suit owners who prefer to watch lively, playful behaviour. Their curiosity and agility make them entertaining to observe as they explore enriched cages full of obstacles, wheels, and toys.
If you're unsure which sex suits you better, you can ask reputable breeders about temperament and habits before adopting. Remember that each rat’s individuality matters, and personality can vary widely within both sexes.
6. Responsible Rat Ownership
Whichever sex you choose, all rats need the same high standards of care. They require spacious cages, balanced diets, fresh water, and daily mental stimulation.
Rats are social animals that need daily interaction and out-of-cage time. You should be prepared to devote at least 30 to 60 minutes each day to playing, handling, or allowing your rats to explore safely outside their cage.
Choosing to keep rats is a commitment to their well-being, and providing affectionate, attentive care will ensure a rewarding relationship.
7. Final Tips for Choosing Bucks or Does
- Consider your lifestyle and how much time you can spend interacting with your pet.
- Think about whether you want an affectionate lap companion (buck) or a playful, active pet (doe).
- Only house rats of the same sex together unless you are prepared for breeding and knowledgeable in rat husbandry.
- Ask breeders or sellers about the individual rat’s personality and health history.
- Schedule regular health check-ups, particularly watching for mammary tumours in females.
- Ensure your cage is large and enriched with toys and climbing opportunities for mental and physical stimulation.
- Be prepared to spend daily time outside the cage with your rats for bonding and exercise.
Choosing between bucks and does comes down to understanding their different traits and your personal preferences. Both sexes can be delightful pets given the right care and love.
For those seeking to find a rat or explore reputable breeders, it’s always good to research and select a responsible source that prioritises health and temperament.
