Why Dogs Might Not Urinate After Surgery: Key Reasons & Care

Most dogs experience at least one surgical procedure in their lives, such as spaying or neutering. Additionally, many dogs may require surgery for health problems or injuries. Beyond the operation itself, careful monitoring of your dog's recovery is essential both at the veterinary clinic and once home.

Your puppies vet will provide detailed instructions for postoperative care and highlight signs to watch for that might indicate complications. They should also be available for any concerns you might have during recovery.

One common concern after surgery is a dog's reluctance or apparent inability to urinate. Understanding why this happens and what you can do is important for your dog's well-being.

Why isn’t my dog peeing after surgery?

Upon waking from anaesthesia, a dog’s ability and willingness to urinate depends on several factors. Veterinary clinics ensure a dog is stable before discharge, but your dog may not have urinated at that point. Several reasons why your dog might delay urination after surgery include:

1. Reduced Water Intake

During surgery, dogs do not drink, and post-operation, they may be groggy, nauseous, or reluctant to hydrate. Lower water consumption can delay the bladder filling enough to trigger urination. If your dog received IV fluids during surgery, discuss with your vet how this affects their hydration status post-discharge.

2. Pain and Discomfort

Pain near the surgery site, especially if it is around the abdomen or groin, can make your dog reluctant to fully stretch or assume the posture necessary to urinate. Managing pain effectively with prescribed medications is crucial to reduce this reluctance.

3. Effects of Anaesthesia and Medication

Residual anaesthetic drugs, painkillers, or anti-inflammatories can cause drowsiness, muscle relaxation, or urinary retention. This may reduce your dog’s urge or ability to urinate promptly after surgery.

4. Restricted Movement and Toilet Access

Your vet may advise limiting your dog's activity post-surgery to promote healing. This can restrict normal walking and toileting routines. Dogs might be hesitant to urinate in unfamiliar locations, especially on surfaces different from their usual ones. Offering grassy areas rather than hard surfaces may encourage urination.

5. Dehydration and Low Blood Pressure

Low fluid levels or blood pressure changes from surgery or anaesthesia can reduce urine production. It is important to monitor your dog’s water intake and alert your vet if you suspect dehydration.

6. Surgical or Anatomical Issues

Depending on the surgery type, especially those involving the urinary tract or nearby areas, swelling or surgical trauma might directly impair urination. Sometimes, an obstruction can occur, requiring veterinary intervention.

7. Neurological or Serious Medical Causes

In rare instances, nerve damage from surgery or anaesthesia, kidney issues, or urinary obstructions might prevent urination. These are emergencies needing prompt veterinary attention.

When should I be worried about my dog not urinating?

If your dog fails to urinate within 24 hours after surgery, or if they show signs such as straining, vocalising in pain, a swollen abdomen, or behavioural changes, contact your vet immediately. Early intervention is vital to prevent serious complications like bladder rupture or kidney damage.

Maintaining close communication with your veterinarian after surgery is one of the best ways to support a smooth and safe recovery for your dog.