Recognising Symptoms of Infections in Dogs: A Complete Guide

Unlike cats, dogs usually show clear signs when something is wrong, making it easier for owners to spot illness. Since dogs can't tell us how they feel, recognising infection symptoms early is vital to ensure prompt veterinary care.

Infections in dogs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other agents that invade the body, triggering the immune system response which often leads to symptoms.

This guide will help you identify both external and internal infection symptoms in dogs, so you can act quickly to protect your pet.

What is an Infection?

An infection occurs when your dog's body is invaded by a harmful agent like bacteria or a virus. The symptoms often result from the body's immune response trying to fight the invader, such as swelling or pus formation.

Some infections are mild and resolve with the immune system's work, but others can seriously affect health and may even be fatal.

How Do Dogs Get Infections?

Infections happen when harmful agents enter the body—commonly through wounds, scratches, or internal weaknesses. For example, a cut can allow bacteria to enter and multiply. Despite daily exposure to germs, a healthy immune system usually prevents infection.

Puppies, older dogs, and those with weakened immunity or no vaccinations are more susceptible to infections.

External Infection Symptoms in Dogs

External infections are visible on the skin, wounds, or surgical sites. You can often diagnose these early by observing the affected area closely.

Watch your dog’s healing wounds or incisions daily, looking out for signs such as:

• Warm, red, and inflamed skin around the wound.
• Pain or sensitivity to touch.
• Discharge of pus or fluid, sometimes causing abscesses.
• Foul smell from the infected site.
• Worsening rather than improving wound condition.

External infections often cause systemic symptoms, which you'll spot next.

Internal Infection Symptoms in Dogs

Internal infections are harder to detect because symptoms are more general and not linked to visible wounds.

Look out for signs like:

• Fever – your dog may feel hot to touch.
• Loss of appetite or refusal to eat.
• Lethargy and less interest in play or exercise.
• Signs of discomfort when you touch certain body areas.
• Behavioural changes such as irritability or defensive aggression.
• Discharges, such as from the eyes or vulva, depending on the infection type.

Common Symptoms Across Infections

The following symptoms can occur with many kinds of infections and may help you identify the problem early:

• Redness, swelling, or inflammation of affected area.
• Discharge of pus or foul odour.
• High temperature or fever.
• Lethargy and reduced activity.
• Pain or sensitivity to touch.
• Changes in behaviour such as irritability.
• Skin changes like rashes or lesions.

For skin infections, bacterial cases often involve intense itching, redness, pus-filled sores and patchy fur. Fungal infections like yeast dermatitis can cause thick, scaly skin with a musty smell and recurrent ear infections.

What to Do If You Suspect an Infection

If you notice any of these symptoms, seek veterinary advice promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent complications and improve recovery.

Responsibly caring for your dog includes keeping wounds clean, vaccinating puppies, and maintaining overall health to support their immune system.

Always use reputable breeders when finding puppies to ensure good health and prevent inherited conditions that may compromise immunity.

Summary and Next Steps

Recognising infection symptoms early can save your dog's life. Keep a close eye on wounds, behaviour changes, appetite, and energy levels. Remember that both external and internal infections show distinct signs.

Consult your vet immediately if you are concerned. Regular health checks and vaccinations are key components of responsible pet ownership that reduce infection risks.