Renal cystadenocarcinoma DNA Testing in German Shepherds

The German shepherd is a well-known dog breed, ranking as the 8th most popular in the UK among nearly 250 recognised dog breeds. This large, intelligent working breed has historically excelled in diverse roles such as watchdog, guard dog, and detection dog, forming close bonds with handlers and demonstrating eagerness to learn.

Today, German shepherds are also cherished family pets across the UK and worldwide. Over time, the breed's appearance has evolved due to changing preferences, which, combined with its popularity, has increased susceptibility to certain hereditary health conditions. Responsible breeders are particularly vigilant about these conditions to safeguard the breed's health and longevity.

One significant genetic disorder affecting German shepherds is renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis (RCND), an inherited cancer syndrome causing skin nodules and kidney abnormalities. Early identification via DNA testing helps breeders avoid passing this condition to future generations, supporting the health of this cherished breed.

What is Renal Cystadenocarcinoma and Nodular Dermatofibrosis in German Shepherds?

RCND is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder found in some German shepherds, characterised by the development of abnormal growths under the skin and within the kidneys. Female dogs may also develop uterine growths. Common early signs include small hard lumps beneath the skin, usually around the legs and head.

Concurrently, nodules and cysts begin to form within the kidneys, distorting their shape and function. This progressive disease typically manifests symptoms after the dog reaches around five years old and can lead to anaemia, weight loss, and eventual kidney disease.

Affected dogs often experience a reduced lifespan, commonly living until 9-11 years old, with death usually due to kidney failure. Dogs inheriting two copies of the mutated gene may see more severe symptoms and earlier mortality.

How is RCND Inherited in German Shepherds?

RCND follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, meaning only one copy of the mutated gene, inherited from either parent, is sufficient to cause the condition. This gives a 50% chance that puppies from a carrier parent will inherit the disorder, even if the other parent is clear.

If a pup inherits two copies of the mutation (one from each parent), they are at greater risk of developing the condition more severely and dying at a younger age.

Importance of DNA Testing for RCND

Since RCND symptoms usually appear after five years of age, affected German shepherds may be bred before detection, unknowingly passing the mutation to offspring. DNA testing is therefore vital to identify carrier and affected dogs before breeding.

UK veterinary consensus for 2025 strongly supports DNA testing as a tool to improve breed health by preventing affected or carrier dogs from breeding. Testing involves a simple DNA sample collection during a veterinary consultation, with samples sent to specialised UK laboratories equipped for RCND genetic analysis.

The results help breeders make informed decisions, avoid producing affected litters, and reduce the overall incidence of RCND in the breed over time. The test is commercially available in the UK, generally costing around £45-£50 (excluding VAT).

Responsible Breeding and Health Considerations

German shepherd breeders are urged to incorporate RCND DNA testing into their health screening programmes alongside other genetic tests. Ethical breeding practices aim to maintain genetic diversity while eliminating deleterious conditions such as RCND.

Owners and prospective owners should always seek dogs from reputable breeders who prioritise health testing to ensure the dog's well-being and longevity. This safeguards the breed’s future and supports informed decisions when adding a German shepherd to the family.

Frequently Asked Questions about RCND and German Shepherds

How long do German shepherds typically live?

Quick Answer: The average lifespan of German shepherds is typically between 9 and 13 years, influenced by genetics, health care, and lifestyle.

German shepherds generally live around 9 to 13 years. Their longevity is affected by factors such as inherited health issues like RCND, diet, exercise, and regular veterinary care. Responsible breeding and early health screening can improve life expectancy.

What does KC registered mean for dogs?

Quick Answer: "KC registered" signifies that a dog is registered with The Kennel Club, the UK's official kennel club, confirming pedigree and breed standards.

Being Kennel Club (KC) registered means the dog’s lineage has been officially recorded with the UK’s largest canine organisation. This assures potential owners of documented ancestry, which often includes health testing adherence and ethical breeding practices, benefiting breed health maintenance.

Where to find German shepherd puppies in the UK?

Quick Answer: German shepherd puppies can be found from reputable breeders listed with The Kennel Club or trusted sources which emphasise health testing and responsible breeding.

To find healthy German shepherd puppies, look for German shepherd puppies from reputable breeders. Ensuring breeders carry out hereditary health tests including for RCND offers peace of mind with the puppy’s long-term health and welfare.