Reverse sneezing in dogs: what it means and how to help
Reverse sneezing in dogs, also called paroxysmal respiration or the pharyngeal gag reflex, is a unique respiratory event that is quite different from a normal sneeze. It produces a loud, distinctive snorting sound and can be alarming if you haven't seen it before. Typically, a reverse sneezing episode will pass quickly without causing harm, and many owners learn to recognise the sound and see it as a harmless quirk.
Understanding what causes reverse sneezing and knowing how to respond can help you care for your dog responsibly and reduce any anxiety around the episodes.
What causes reverse sneezing in dogs?
Veterinary experts believe reverse sneezing occurs due to irritation or inflammation in the nose, throat, or sinuses, leading the dog to rapidly pull air inward through the nose to clear obstructions such as mucus or allergens. This reflex involves spasms of the soft palate and throat muscles, which is why it may initially seem similar to choking or a collapsed trachea but is generally harmless.
Common triggers include:
- Environmental allergens like pollen, dust, or smoke
- Foreign materials such as grass or seeds
- Tight collars or leashes pulling on the neck
- Excitement or sudden changes in breathing pattern
- Brachycephalic breeds' anatomical features like elongated soft palates
Sometimes the cause remains unidentified. If episodes increase in frequency or severity, further veterinary assessment is recommended to rule out infections, anatomical abnormalities, or other respiratory conditions.
Which dogs are prone to reverse sneezing?
Reverse sneezing can affect any dog breed, but it is most frequently observed in smaller breeds and those with brachycephalic (flat) faces. Examples include the Pug puppies, Boxer puppies, and Bulldog puppies. These breeds have unique airway structures that may predispose them to this reflex due to smaller windpipes or elongated soft palates.
How to identify a reverse sneeze?
Unlike regular sneezing where air is forcefully expelled through the nose, reverse sneezing involves the dog rapidly inhaling air through the nose, often producing a loud, snorting or honking sound. During an episode, your dog's head and neck may extend or be held in an odd position, and their body appears tense with wide or bulging eyes. Episodes usually last only a few seconds but can be disturbing to witness.
How to help your dog during a reverse sneezing episode
Usually, reverse sneezing is harmless and will stop on its own. Here are steps to support your dog during an attack:
- Stay calm to avoid increasing your dog's stress.
- Gently massage your dog’s throat to encourage swallowing, which can help stop the spasm.
- If your dog allows, briefly close their nostrils to prompt swallowing.
- Offering water after an episode may soothe your dog.
Do avoid panicking or trying to forcibly intervene, as this may cause distress.
When should you see the vet?
If reverse sneezing episodes become very frequent, prolonged, or your dog shows other signs such as coughing, gagging, difficulty breathing, nasal discharge, or lethargy, seek veterinary attention. Your vet can examine your dog’s respiratory tract and may recommend tests or treatments if there is an underlying condition causing the irritation.
Recording a video of an episode can be helpful to show the vet exactly what happens.
Understanding reverse sneezing: key points
- Reverse sneezing is a reflex to clear irritants from the upper airway.
- It is more common in small and brachycephalic breeds but can happen in any dog.
- Episodes are usually brief, self-limiting, and not painful.
- Owner reassurance and gentle management help dogs through bouts.
- Persistent or worsening cases warrant veterinary assessment.
Knowing about reverse sneezing equips you to care for your dog with empathy and confidence. Responsible pet owners monitor their pets’ health, minimise exposures to irritants, and ensure veterinary checks are made when needed to keep their canine companions happy and well.
