Shaking Puppy Syndrome: Causes, Breeds & Care Guide

Shaking Puppy Syndrome (SPS), also called canine hypomyelination or Spongiform Leuco-Encephalo-Myelopathy (SLEM), is an inherited neurological disorder that affects certain dog breeds by disrupting the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibres in their central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. This disruption causes tremors and impairs muscle control from an early age, significantly affecting affected puppies' quality of life.

Understanding Shaking Puppy Syndrome and Hypomyelination

Myelin is a fatty, white substance surrounding nerve fibres that helps transmit nerve impulses efficiently. In SPS, myelin formation is delayed or abnormal, impairing the nervous system's ability to communicate with muscles properly. This results in characteristic shaking or tremors, especially when puppies attempt movements like walking.

The disorder typically manifests within the first 1 to 2 weeks of life, although some puppies may show symptoms later, up to 8 to 12 weeks. The tremors often affect the hindquarters, causing coordination issues and difficulty feeding, which can lead to poor weight gain and lower energy levels. While occasional improvement may occur due to partial myelin regeneration as puppies age, full recovery is rare, and significant brain damage usually remains.

Recognising Symptoms of SPS in Puppies

1. Coarse, rhythmic tremors: Usually first noticed when puppies start walking, primarily in the hind limbs and pelvis.
2. Difficulty gaining weight: Trembling often makes feeding challenging and energy consumption is high.
3. Smaller size: Affected puppies often weigh less than healthy littermates at birth and stay smaller.
4. Incoordination and seizures: Some puppies may develop neurological issues such as seizures as a result of the condition.
5. Energy depletion: Constant shaking uses significant energy, impacting general condition and development.

Breeds Most Susceptible to Shaking Puppy Syndrome

Research shows breed predisposition linked to specific genetic mutations causing SPS. Commonly affected breeds include:

• Border Terriers
• Springer Spaniels
• Australian Silky Terriers
• Golden Retrievers
• Weimaraners
• Chow Chows
• Dalmatians
• Welsh Springer Spaniels
• Bernese Mountain Dogs
• Samoyeds
• Vizslas

Notably, studies have identified a genetic mutation causing this disorder in the Weimaraner and Springer Spaniel breeds.

Genetics and Inheritance of SPS

SPS is inherited as a genetic disorder where affected puppies receive faulty gene mutations from both parents. DNA testing classifies dogs as "clear" (no mutation), "carriers" (carry but asymptomatic), or "affected" (exhibit signs). Breeding two carriers can produce affected puppies, clear, or other carriers.

This genetic understanding emphasises the importance of DNA testing in breeding stock to prevent the disorder and promote ethical, responsible breeding practices.

Diagnosis of Shaking Puppy Syndrome

Veterinarians diagnose SPS primarily through clinical signs such as tremors and motor difficulties in young puppies. MRI scans may reveal abnormal myelin formation. Confirmation through DNA testing has become the gold standard, allowing breeders to identify carriers and avoid producing affected pups.

Treatment and Prognosis

Currently, there is no cure for SPS. Supportive care including hand feeding and dedicated nursing can improve comfort and survival in some cases; however, brain damage means full recovery is unlikely. Many vets recommend humane euthanasia to prevent suffering in severely affected puppies.

Prognosis varies by breed and severity, with some dogs showing gradual improvement due to partial remyelination, while others suffer progressive neurological decline.

Supporting Responsible Breeding and Care

Responsible breeders should perform genetic testing of breeding dogs to avoid passing SPS. Early veterinary consultation and diagnosis ensure puppies receive prompt care or humane decisions if needed.

If you are considering getting a puppy, it is advisable to:

• Source from reputable breeders who test for heritable conditions like SPS.
• Ask breeders about health clearances and genetic testing protocols.
• Consider adopting from rescues or shelters as a compassionate alternative.

Conclusion

Shaking Puppy Syndrome is a serious inherited disorder affecting certain dog breeds, causing tremors and motor impairment from early life. While some breeds may improve with age, there is currently no cure, and ethical breeding practices plus early diagnosis are vital in reducing its impact. If you suspect your puppy has SPS, consult a vet promptly to discuss care options or diagnosis confirmation.