FAQs on Bladder Stones in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Care

Bladder stones, or uroliths, are mineral formations that develop in the urinary bladder of dogs and various other animals, including cats and humans. These stones can range from microscopic crystals to larger stones that must be surgically removed as they might not pass naturally. Bladder stones can appear anywhere in the urinary tract and vary chemically, including types like urate, calcium phosphate, struvite, calcium oxalate, and cysteine stones.

For dogs suffering from bladder stones, especially recurrent cases, it is vital to work closely with your vet. They provide expert advice tailored to your dog’s health history and can help decide the most appropriate treatment.

Here, we answer some of the most frequently asked questions about bladder stones in dogs to help owners understand and care properly for their pets.

What is the difference between cystitis and bladder stones in dogs?

Cystitis refers to a bacterial infection of the urinary tract, while bladder stones are hardened mineral masses. Stone presence can increase the risk of cystitis by irritating and damaging the urinary tract lining, making infections more likely, but the two are distinct conditions.

What symptoms might indicate my dog has bladder stones?

Symptoms of bladder stones often overlap with cystitis, such as straining to urinate, blood in the urine, increased frequency of urination, and signs of discomfort during urination. Recurring UTIs may also suggest the presence of bladder stones that increase infection susceptibility.

Why do dogs develop bladder stones?

Bladder stones often start forming due to a urinary tract infection or changes in urine composition. Bacteria in the urine can serve as a nucleus where minerals crystallise and enlarge into stones over time. The exact cause depends on the stone type and individual factors like diet and metabolism.

How serious are bladder stones in dogs?

Bladder stones can be painful and dangerous. They may cause bleeding, irritation, and in severe cases, block the urethra, preventing urine flow. Such blockages can lead to bladder overdistension and potentially rupture if not treated promptly, which is a veterinary emergency.

How are bladder stones treated in dogs?

Treatment depends on the size and location of the stones. Small stones might pass naturally, but larger or multiple stones often require surgical removal or laser treatment. Some types, like struvite stones, may be dissolved with special diets or medications, whereas calcium oxalate stones usually need surgical intervention.

Your vet may also prescribe prescription diets that help acidify the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation and encouraging dissolution of some stone types.

Can bladder stones be prevented?

While not all bladder stones can be prevented, risk factors can be managed. Feeding a diet rich in high-quality meat protein and avoiding mainly dry food helps keep urine acidified and diluted, which discourages crystal formation. Ensuring good hydration by feeding wet as well as dry food is beneficial.

Prompt treatment of urinary infections and regular vet check-ups also help catch early signs and prevent recurrence. Your vet can recommend prescription diets and other measures tailored for your dog’s needs.

Are some dog breeds more prone to bladder stones?

Certain breeds have increased susceptibility to bladder stones due to metabolic differences affecting protein breakdown and urine chemistry. Breeds at higher risk include Bulldogs, Dalmatians, Shih Tzus, Yorkshire Terriers, and Miniature Poodles.

Recognising breed predispositions can assist owners in implementing preventive care measures early.

When should I seek emergency veterinary care for bladder stones?

Quick Answer: If your dog cannot urinate, is straining excessively, or appears distressed, seek immediate veterinary attention as urinary blockage is life-threatening.

Urinary obstruction caused by bladder stones can quickly become an emergency, leading to bladder rupture or kidney failure. Immediate intervention at a vet clinic can save your dog’s life.

How can I support my dog’s urinary health overall?

Maintaining good hydration, feeding high-quality, balanced diets, watching for signs of urinary discomfort, and scheduling regular veterinary health checks are vital for urinary tract health. Avoiding exclusively dry food diets helps prevent urine concentration, lowering stone risk.

Always consult your vet about diet and supplements best suited for your dog’s specific health condition.