Canine Diabetes FAQ: Causes, Signs, Treatment & Care

Diabetes in dogs is a condition not everyone is familiar with, yet it affects approximately one in every 500 dogs in the UK. Recognising the symptoms and understanding treatment options can greatly improve your dog's quality of life. In this article, we explore common questions about canine diabetes to help you care better for your cherished pet.

What causes diabetes in dogs?

Canine diabetes is primarily an autoimmune condition where the dog's immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This causes a deficiency or absence of insulin essential for regulating blood sugar levels. Although it can be congenital, diabetes more commonly develops later in life. While the exact cause is complex, certain factors can increase risk including:

• Long-term use of steroid medications
• Chronic infections or allergies
• Vaccinating puppies too early or excessive vaccination
• Exposure to preservatives and chemicals in food
• Genetic predisposition in some breeds

What are the main signs to detect canine diabetes early?

Detecting diabetes early is crucial. Be alert to these common signs, especially appearing in combination:

• Excessive thirst and frequent drinking
• Increased urination
• Unexplained weight loss despite normal or increased appetite
• Sweet or unusual smelling breath and urine
• Loss of fur or patchy shedding
• Lethargy and reduced activity
• Vomiting or reluctance to eat
• General deterioration in condition

Can canine diabetes be prevented?

There is no guaranteed prevention due to the range of risk factors. However, responsible and balanced care can reduce chances of development. Maintaining your dog’s healthy weight, avoiding unnecessary medications, and carefully following vaccination schedules can lower the risk of diabetes. Early veterinary visits for concerns are also advised.

How significant is weight in relation to diabetes risk?

Obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes in dogs, much like in humans. Overweight dogs are more prone to insulin resistance, which can worsen or even trigger diabetes. Keeping your dog fit with a balanced diet and regular moderate exercise is one of the most important preventative measures for diabetes and other health conditions over their lifetime.

What complications can arise from untreated or poorly managed diabetes?

Untreated diabetes can lead to severe complications, some of which affect your dog’s wellbeing deeply. These may include:

• Rapid and unexplained weight loss
• Urinary tract infections due to high glucose levels in urine
• Pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas
• Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• Poor circulation affecting healing
• Cataracts causing vision impairment or blindness
• Delayed recovery from minor injuries or infections

Does every diabetic dog need insulin injections?

While some dogs can manage diabetes through dietary changes alone, the majority require insulin injections to regulate blood sugar effectively. Insulin is usually given twice daily alongside meals, via simple subcutaneous injections. Vets will guide and support owners through the injection technique, which many dogs accept calmly once accustomed.

What extra care is needed for diabetic dogs?

Managing a diabetic dog involves vigilance to avoid both high and dangerously low blood sugar. Overdosing on insulin can cause hypoglycaemia, presenting as weakness, mood changes, or even collapse. Owners should be aware of symptoms and have emergency treatments like honey available. Balance in feeding, exercise, and medication timings is essential for stable health, and regular vet check-ups help monitor progress.

How do you diagnose diabetes in dogs?

Diagnosis is based on persistent high blood sugar detected through blood tests accompanied by glucose presence in urine. Additional tests may be done to assess the general health and rule out other causes. Early diagnosis can prevent complications and promote effective management.

Can diabetic dogs live a normal life?

Yes, with appropriate treatment and monitoring, many diabetic dogs live long, happy lives. Regular administration of insulin, consistent diet, and careful lifestyle management allow diabetic dogs to thrive alongside their families.