Spinal problems in Dachshund dogs: causes, symptoms and care

The Dachshund dog breed, often affectionately called the sausage dog, is renowned for its unique body shape featuring short legs and a long back due to a form of canine dwarfism called achondroplasia. This distinctive conformation gives Dachshunds their charm but also predisposes them to a variety of spinal problems that can affect their quality of life.

The breed’s elongated spine combined with their short legs places extra strain on their back, making them especially vulnerable to spinal injuries and disorders. This article explores key spinal conditions affecting Dachshunds, their signs, treatment options, and how responsible owners can help manage these challenges to keep their dogs happy and active.

Understanding Dachshund Spinal Issues: The Basics

Dachshunds are particularly prone to spinal ailments, primarily Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), which affects approximately 25% to 90% of the breed at some time in their lives. This condition occurs when the discs between their vertebrae degenerate, bulge or rupture, placing pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. Such pressure causes pain, nerve damage, and in severe cases, paralysis.

There are two main types of IVDD that impact Dachshunds:

• Hansen Type I IVDD: An acute rupture of the disc's soft inner material causing sudden, intense spinal cord compression, often triggered by a minor injury or jump.
• Hansen Type II IVDD: A slower, degenerative protrusion of the disc material causing gradual spinal cord compression, more common in older dogs and larger breeds but can affect Dachshunds too.

Other Spinal Conditions Common in Dachshunds

Dachshund Paralysis

Dachshund paralysis happens when severe spinal damage results in loss of hind limb function. This irreversible condition means a dog may struggle to walk or control toileting, with some owners choosing to provide doggy wheelchairs to maintain mobility and quality of life.

Discospondylitis

This refers to an infection affecting the vertebrae or discs, often spreading from other infections or caused by injuries. It is painful but may initially spare movement, though if untreated, it can lead to loss of coordination and increased pain.

Subluxation of the Spine

Subluxation involves misalignment of spinal vertebrae causing abnormal posture and pain. Dachshunds often avoid activities like jumping or climbing when suffering from this, and may show muscle stiffness or wasting. It can be caused by trauma or strain, including from poorly fitting harnesses or abrupt tension on leads.

Spinal Fractures

Thelength and lack of support for the Dachshund’s spine put them at risk of spinal fractures after falls or impacts. Mild fractures may go unnoticed while severe ones can lead to paralysis and require veterinary emergency care.

Recognising Symptoms of Spinal Problems

• Expressing pain through whining, yelping, or snapping when handled or moved
• Reluctance to walk, jump, or climb
• Hunched posture or muscle tension
• Weakness or paralysis in the hind limbs
• Loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases

Treatment and Management

Early veterinary intervention is critical once spinal symptoms appear. Treatment may involve pain relief medications, activity restrictions, physiotherapy, or in serious cases, surgical intervention to relieve spinal cord compression.

Surgery has a positive prognosis in many cases, with studies showing around 85% of operated dogs improve, though some may retain paralysis depending on nerve damage extent. Providing ergonomic support such as ramps, using well-fitting harnesses, and avoiding sudden pulls on leads helps reduce injury risk.

Prevention and Responsible Care

To reduce the risk of spinal problems, responsible owners should:

• Avoid letting Dachshunds jump from heights like sofas or stairs; use ramps or steps instead
• Manage their weight to minimise pressure on the spine
• Handle dogs carefully, supporting their backs when lifting
• Choose reputable breeders finding Dachshund puppies who screen for genetic spinal issues to promote breed health

Conclusion

The Dachshund’s charmingly long back and short legs bring unique health challenges, including significant risks of spinal disorders such as IVDD, paralysis, and fractures. Understanding the causes, recognising warning signs early, and seeking prompt veterinary care are essential to manage these conditions effectively.

With careful handling, prevention strategies, and compassionate care, many Dachshunds continue to enjoy full, joyful lives despite their predisposition to spinal problems. Responsible owners and breeders play a pivotal role in championing the breed’s health and wellbeing.