Strokes in Cats: Causes, Signs & Care Guide
Strokes in cats, once thought rare, are now recognised more frequently thanks to advances in veterinary medicine and diagnostic tests. While a stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), can be concerning, many cats recover well with appropriate supportive care and can continue to lead happy lives.
Understanding What Causes Strokes in Cats
A stroke occurs when blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain cells of oxygen and vital nutrients. This interruption can cause areas of the brain to suffer damage, sometimes irreversible. There are two main types of strokes in cats:
- Ischaemic stroke: Blood flow is blocked, often due to blood clots or narrowing of arteries.
- Haemorrhagic stroke: Bleeding occurs in or around the brain caused by ruptured blood vessels.
Underlying conditions that may increase the risk of ischaemic stroke include diseases leading to artery narrowing or clogging. Haemorrhagic strokes may result from blood leaks due to trauma or disorders affecting blood clotting. Common contributing factors include:
- Lungworm infection
- Exposure to toxins such as rodent poisons
- Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
- Congenital clotting disorders
- Kidney, heart, or thyroid disease
- Cushing's disease
- Vasculitis (artery inflammation)
- Abnormal blood vessel development in the brain
- Brain tumour or head trauma
Recognising Stroke Symptoms in Cats
Stroke signs in cats are quite different from those in humans, often involving neurological symptoms. Key signs to watch for include:
- Head tilt or abnormal head turn
- Loss of balance or coordination
- Circling or falling
- Sudden loss of sight
- Changes in behaviour or disorientation
Because these signs overlap with other brain disorders, prompt veterinary examination is important for accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosing a Stroke: What to Expect
Veterinary diagnosis begins with a thorough physical examination focusing on neurological function. To confirm stroke and exclude other causes like brain tumours, vets will recommend advanced imaging tests such as:
- CT scan
- MRI scan
Additionally, x-rays and spinal fluid analysis may be undertaken. General anaesthesia is typically required for CT and MRI scans to ensure the cat remains still for clear imaging results.
Treatment and Supportive Care for Stroke-Affected Cats
Currently, there are no treatments to reverse brain damage caused by a stroke. However, identifying and managing the underlying cause can help prevent subsequent strokes and support recovery. Treatment may involve medications and addressing any diseases like heart or kidney conditions.
Supportive care at home or in hospital is vital and includes ensuring comfort, assistance with mobility, and monitoring for progress. Many cats with mild to moderate strokes make good recoveries, especially if brain damage has been limited.
Additional Testing for Comprehensive Assessment
Alongside imaging, vets may perform other blood and urine tests to assess organ function including liver and kidney health. These help form a complete picture of the cat’s health and guide treatment plans correctly.
- Blood tests
- Urinalysis
- X-rays
- Tissue biopsy in rare cases
Prognosis: What Pet Owners Should Know
While strokes cannot be cured, many cats recover well if underlying conditions are treated effectively. The prognosis depends largely on the severity of brain injury and cause. Cats that receive prompt veterinary attention and appropriate supportive care often resume normal activity and quality of life.
Owners should work closely with their vet to monitor recovery and prevent further health issues. Early recognition of symptoms and responsible management of predisposing diseases can make a significant difference.
